1 / 4 / 2025
Level 2 Report
Task 1: Speed Control of BLDC motor
Objective:
Observe BLDC motor's working using the CRO at Marvel. To learn their speed control .Brushless DC motors (BLDC) feature high efficiency and excellent controllability, and are widely used in many applications. The BLDC motor has power-saving advantages relative to other motor types.
Tools Used:
- BLDC Motor
- Potentiometer
- Motor Driver Circuit
- Power Supply
- Oscilloscope (CRO)
- Microcontroller (Arduino Uno)
Process:
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Setup the BLDC Motor
- Connected the BLDC motor to the driver circuit.
- Ensured proper power supply connections.
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Speed Control Mechanism
- Used Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) to control the motor speed.
- Adjusted the duty cycle of the PWM signal to vary speed.
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Observing Waveforms on CRO
- Connected the oscilloscope probes to monitor the motor’s Hall sensor signals.
- Observed waveform patterns at different speeds.
Outcome:
- Successfully controlled the speed of the BLDC motor using PWM.
- Observed the Hall sensor outputs and motor driver signals on the CRO, confirming proper commutation.
- Gained insights into BLDC efficiency and why it's preferred in Electric Vehicles (EVs).
Links & References:
Task 2: Lithium-Ion Battery Pack Assembly
Objective:
To design and assemble a 3-cell lithium-ion battery pack (3S configuration) .
Tools Used:
- 3 x Lithium-Ion Cells (3.7V, 4.8Ah each)
- Spot Welder
- Multimeter (for voltage checks)
- Soldering Iron & Wires
- ** Insulation Tape**
Process:
- Battery Configuration (3S Setup)
- Arranged 3 Li-ion cells in series (3S) .
- Connecting the Cells
- Spot welded the strips to form a secure connection.
- Testing and Safety Checks
- Measured individual cell voltages with a multimeter.
Outcome:
- Successfully assembled a 3S Lithium-Ion Battery Pack .
Links & References:
Task 3: Understanding and Implementing I2C Communication
Objective:
To study Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C) communication, observe its advantages over SPI and UART, and implement a master-slave setup using microcontrollers and peripheral devices.
Tools Used:
- Microcontroller (e.g., Arduino)
- Pull-up Resistors (4.7kΩ for SDA & SCL lines)
- Oscilloscope / Logic Analyzer (for waveform observation)
- Breadboard and Jumper Wires
Process:
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Setting Up the I2C Bus
- Connected SDA (Serial Data) and SCL (Serial Clock) lines to the microcontroller.
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Programming the I2C Master-Slave Communication
- Configured the master device (Microcontroller) to send data requests.
- Initialized I2C slaves to respond accordingly.
- Used I2C libraries (e.g., Wire.h in Arduino) to send and receive data.
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Observing Data on an Oscilloscope / Logic Analyzer
- Monitored the SCL and SDA signals to understand clock stretching.
- Verified correct address detection and data transmission.
Outcome:
- Successfully implemented I2C communication between one master and multiple slaves.
- Observed data transmission patterns using a logic analyzer.
- Understood how I2C improves upon SPI and UART by allowing multiple masters and slaves.
Links & References:
Task 4: RC Car Chassis Design for 3D Printing
Objective:
To design a complete chassis for an RC car using Autodesk software, ensuring compatibility with the Creality Ender 3 3D printer while considering weight distribution for optimal performance.
Tools Used:
- Software: Autodesk (Fusion 360 / Inventor)
- 3D Printer (Reference for Compatibility): Creality Ender 3
- Filament (Planned for Future Printing): PLA
- Build Volume Constraint: 220 × 220 × 250 mm
Process:
-
Defining the Chassis Dimensions
- Ensured the chassis size fits within the Ender 3 print volume.
- Considered mounting points for motors, wheels, and electronics.
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Weight Distribution Considerations
- Adjusted material thickness to balance strength and weight.
- Positioned battery and motor mounts to optimize center of gravity.
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3D Modeling in Autodesk
- Created a basic chassis design with cutouts for weight reduction.
- Ensured structural integrity by reinforcing stress points.
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Finalizing the Design
- Verified the design feasibility for 3D printing.
- Exported the STL file but did not proceed with 3D printing.
Outcome:
- Successfully designed an RC car chassis in Autodesk.
- Verified that the model is printable but did not print it.
- Ready for future fabrication and testing.
Images:
Task 5: SPI Communication Between Two Arduino Boards
Objective:
To implement Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) communication between two Arduino boards, configuring one as a master and the other as a slave device. SPI is a 4-wire serial communication protocol that supports both single master and multi-slave communication.
Tools Used:
- Microcontroller: Arduino Uno (Master and Slave boards)
- Communication Protocol: SPI
- Wires and Breadboard for connections
- Arduino IDE for programming
SPI Pins on Arduino:
- MOSI (Master Out Slave In)
- MISO (Master In Slave Out)
- SCK (Clock)
- SS (Slave Select)
Process:
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Master Device Setup:
- Configured one Arduino as the master.
- Connected MOSI, MISO, SCK, and SS pins to the slave Arduino.
- Implemented SPI communication to send data from the master.
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Slave Device Setup:
- Configured the second Arduino as the slave.
- Used the SS pin to receive data from the master.
- Programmed the slave to respond to requests and display received data.
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Programming the Boards:
- Master Arduino: Programmed to send a simple message (e.g., "Hello from Master") using the
SPI.transfer()function. - Slave Arduino: Programmed to read the data and display accordingly.
- Master Arduino: Programmed to send a simple message (e.g., "Hello from Master") using the
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Testing Communication:
- The master sends data, and the slave receives and prints it on the serial monitor.
- Verified correct transmission and reception of data by observing the serial output.
Outcome:
- Successfully implemented SPI communication between two Arduino boards.
- Verified that the master could send data to the slave and the slave could receive and process the data correctly.
Images: