DIVYA'S Level-0 Report

8 / 3 / 2025

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TASK-2 : API

API (Application Programming Interface), which serves as a bridge that allows different software applications to communicate with each other. APIs enable developers to access data or services from external platforms without requiring their internal workings. I utilized the OpenWeather API to build a weather web application. The web app allows users to input a city name, make API requests to fetch real-time weather data, and display details such as temperature, humidity, and weather conditions.

TASK-3 : WORKING WITH GITHUB

GitHub a platform where people store and share their coding projects.
1.Created a new repository
2.Forked the repository.
3.Cloning the repository.
4.Fixed the error.
5.Committed the changes to save them.
6.Created a pull request.

TASK-4 : GET FAMILIAR WITH THE UBUNTU COMMAND LINE AND DO THE FOLLOWING SUBTASKS

1.Create a folder named test.
2.Change the directory into that folder.
3.Create a blank file without using any text editor.
4.List the files in that folder.
5.Create 2600 folders in this folder where each folder is named like . For example, M90 or B56.
6.Concatenate two text files containing any random text and display them on the terminal.

TASK 5: KAGGLE CONTEST

Kaggle is an online platform for data science and machine learning enthusiasts to collaborate, participate in competitions, and access datasets.

The Titanic ML Competition is a beginner-friendly challenge designed to help users learn the fundamentals of machine learning. The objective is to build a predictive model that determines which passengers survived the Titanic shipwreck based on features like age, gender, and class.

TASK 6: WORKING WITH PANDAS AND MATPLOTLIB

Pandas and Matplotlib are essential Python libraries for data analysis and visualization. Pandas offers powerful data structures like "DataFrames" that simplify data manipulation, making it easier to clean, filter, and analyze large datasets. On the other hand, Matplotlib provides a flexible framework for creating visual representations such as line plots, bar charts, and scatter plots, allowing users to interpret data effectively. Together, these libraries form a strong foundation for exploring and presenting data in a clear and meaningful way.

TASK 7: CREATE A PORTFOLIO WEBPAGE

Learnt the basics of HTML(Hyper Text Markup Language) and CSS(cascading Style Sheets) to make portfolio user-friendly and responsive.

TASK 8: WRITING RESOURCE ARTICLE USING MARKDOWN

Markdown is a lightweight markup language designed for creating formatted text using a plain-text editor. It is widely used for writing documentation, README files, blogs, and online content. Markdown's simple syntax allows users to add headings, lists, links, images, and code blocks with ease. Its readability in plain text format makes it ideal for developers and writers, offering a clean and efficient way to structure content for web platforms like GitHub, Reddit, and various static site generators.

TASK 9: TINKERCAD

Tinkercad is a free, web-based platform developed by Autodesk that allows users to create 3D designs, electronics circuits, and coding projects. It features a user-friendly drag-and-drop interface, making it ideal for beginners and hobbyists. Tinkercad is widely used in education for teaching concepts related to 3D modeling, electronics prototyping, and block-based coding. Its intuitive design environment enables users to build projects like Arduino simulations, interactive circuits, and printable 3D models with ease.

TASK 10: SPEED CONTROL OF DC MOTOR

I explored basic techniques for controlling DC motors, understood the control DC motors using the L298N motor driver and the Arduino board. Using an UNO and H-Bridge L298N motor driver, controled the speed of a 5V BO motor, try simulating this on tinkercad and then perform it on the hardware, Record videos of you doing the same.

TASK 12: SOLDERING PREREQUISITES

Soldering of an LED circuit involves securely connecting components like an LED, resistor, and wires onto a PCB or perfboard using solder. After placing the LED and resistor leads into the designated holes on the board, the soldering iron is heated and applied to the joint where the component lead and PCB pad meet. Once the joint is heated, solder is added to form a strong connection. Care is taken to ensure the solder flows smoothly and covers the joint without creating cold joints or solder bridges. After cooling, excess leads are trimmed, and the circuit is tested to confirm the LED lights up correctly. This process is essential for achieving durable and reliable connections in electronic circuits.

TASK 14: KARNAUGH MAPS AND DERIVING THE LOGIC CIRCUIT

Karnaugh Map (K-Map) is a graphical method used to simplify Boolean expressions and design digital circuits efficiently.I designed a burglar alarm system using Karnaugh Map (K-Map) and basic logic gates. The system is based on four conditions involving the states of a door (locked/unlocked) and a key (pressed/not pressed). By analyzing these conditions, I constructed a K-Map to derive a simplified Boolean expression for the alarm logic. Using this expression.This project enhanced my understanding of K-Maps, logic gate implementation, and practical circuit design.

TASK 15: ACTIVE PARTICIPATION.

I participated in Kagada intercollege poster presentation event in my first year of college.I have secured second place in this competetion.

TASK 16: DATASHEETS REPORT WRITING

INTRODUCTION

The MQ-135 gas sensor is a widely used device for air quality monitoring. It can detect various gases such as ammonia (NH3), nitrogen oxides (NOx), alcohol, benzene, smoke, and carbon dioxide (CO2). The sensor operates based on changes in resistance when exposed to these gases.

FEATURES AND APPLICATIONS

•Features:

o Wide detection range
o High sensitivity and fast response.
o Stable and long lifespan.
o Simple drive circuit.

• Applications:

o Air quality monitoring.
o Gas leakage detection.
o Industrial safety systems.
o Environmental pollution monitoring.

3. Technical Specifications

• Working Conditions:

o Circuit voltage: 5V ± 0.1V (AC or DC).
o Heater voltage: 5V ± 0.1V (AC or DC).
o Heater resistance: 33Ω ± 5%.
o Heating power consumption: <800mW.

• Environmental Conditions:

o Operating temperature: -10°C to 45°C.
o Storage temperature: -20°C to 70°C.
o Relative humidity: <95% RH.
o Oxygen concentration: 21% (minimum 2%).

4. Structure and Configuration

The MQ-135 sensor consists of a SnO2 (tin dioxide) sensing layer, measuring electrodes, and a Ni-Cr alloy heater. These components are housed in an alumina (Al2O3) ceramic tube with a stainless-steel mesh covering for protection. It has six pins: four for signal output and two for the heating element.

5. Calibration for Different Gases

The resistance of the MQ-135 sensor varies depending on the gas type and concentration. Calibration is essential to ensure accuracy.
• Recommended calibration:
o 100 ppm NH3
o 50 ppm alcohol
o Load resistance (RL) in the range of 10kΩ to 47kΩ (typically 20kΩ)
• Proper calibration should account for temperature and humidity variations.

6. Freundlich Absorption Theorem and Sensitivity

Curves The sensor's response follows the Freundlich absorption theorem, where gas adsorption on the sensing layer leads to changes in resistance. The sensor resistance (Rs) is related to the gas concentration (C) as: 𝑠 =𝑅𝑜×𝐶−𝛼 where Ro is the sensor resistance in clean air, and α is the sensitivity coefficient. The sensitivity characteristics show that Rs/Ro decreases with increasing gas concentration. The response varies under different humidity and temperature conditions.

7. Conclusion

The MQ-135 gas sensor is a reliable and efficient solution for detecting air pollutants. Proper calibration is necessary for accurate results. Understanding its sensitivity characteristics and working principles helps in designing effective air quality monitoring systems.