Marvel Level 1 Report

20 / 3 / 2025

Marvel Level 1

Electronics Design

1.Engineer's Swiss Army Knife

Objective: To create a Matlab account and complete the Matlab Onramp course.

MATLAB is a programming and numeric computing platform for engineering and scientific applications like data analysis, signal and image processing, control systems, wireless communications, and robotics.

Matlab Onramp is a free two-hour, self-paced, interactive course that allows new users to learn how to use MATLAB effectively. With MATLAB Onramp users gain confidence, become comfortable with the MATLAB environment, and gain the basic skills needed to use MATLAB.

Key Learnings:

• Understanding the basic commands of Matlab.
• Using the Command window and Editor window.
• Performing the basic operations such as arithmetic, logic and relational operation.
• Creating variables and data types like arrays, matrices, strings and numbers.
• Accessing and modifying elements of vectors and matrices ,it is called indexing.
• Plotting graphs using the plot function and customizing plots.
• Writing scripts, control statements (if-else, loops), and functions.

Workflow

• Course Overview
• Commands
• MATLAB Desktop and Editor
  1. Command Window: Where you type commands and see results.
  2. Workspace: Shows all variables currently in memory.
  3. Command History: Keeps track of previously executed commands.
  4. Editor: Used to write, edit, and save scripts (files ending with .m).
• Vectors and Matrices
  1. Vectors: Row_vector = [1 2 3]; . Column_vector = [1; 2; 3];
  2. Matrices:[1 2 3;4 5 6];
• Array Indexing and Modification
  1. Accessing elements syntax : M(R:C) where R is rows and C is columns.
  2. Indexing:Indexing into a matrix is a means of selecting or modifying a subset of elements from the matrix.
• Array Calculations
  1. Zeros : zeros(2,2). It creates a matrix with 2 rows and 2 columns of Zero.
  2. Random: rand(2,3). It creates a matrix with random numbers of 2 rows and 3 columns.
  3. For element-wise multiplication or division , the syntax is X .* Y where X and Y are two equal matrices.
• Function Calls 1.Just like basic programming languages like C ,C++ ,we have to create a function by keyword function and calling the function.
• Documentation
• Plots
  1. We use the keyword plot(x,y) for plotting the graph (If we want discrete signals ,the keyword is stem(x,y))
  2. The keywords xlabel and ylabel is for labelling x-axis and y-axis.
  3. We can mark the points by circle and make the graph continuous , dotted line etc.
• Data Import
  1. Importing a data set into matlab is easier by using import filename. This command helps us to copy the data in the command window .
• Logical Arrays
• Programming
  1. Control statements such as if-else,for and while loops are used .
• Final Project
  1. The Stellar Motion project uses the hydrogen alpha line (656.3 nm) to determine how fast a star is moving away from Earth by comparing the observed wavelength with the known hydrogen absorption wavelength.
  2. We deal with the concept of Redshift and Blueshift by Doppler's Shift.
  3. Doppler's Shift:If a star is moving away from Earth, its spectrum is redshifted (shifted to longer wavelengths), and if it's moving towards Earth, it's blueshifted (shifted to shorter wavelengths).
  4. The MATLAB project aims to:
     • Find the observed wavelength of the hydrogen alpha line in a star's spectrum (HD 94028).
     • Compare this observed wavelength to the known wavelength of hydrogen absorption (656.3 nm).
     • Calculate the star's velocity using the Doppler shift formula.
• Conclusion

Certificate

2.Cut,Pass,Repeat

Objective :To learn about Band Pass filter.

Task: To design a second order Band Pass filter using IC747 that amplifies the signal to roughly 1.5 times the original signal.Cutoff range between 4kHz and 10kHz.

Platform : LT spice

A bandpass filter is a device or circuit that allows frequencies within a specific range (the passband) to pass through while attenuating or blocking frequencies outside that range.

We have 2 types of Band pass filters

• Active Band pass filter :These filters use active components like operational amplifiers to achieve the desired frequency response.
• Passive Band Pass filter : These filters use passive components like resistors, capacitors, and inductors to achieve the desired frequency response.

Construction :Bandpass filters can be constructed by combining a high-pass filter (allowing high frequencies to pass) and a low-pass filter (allowing low frequencies to pass).

IC 747: The LM747 is ageneral purpose dual operational amplifier.The two amplifiers share a common bias network and power supply leads.

Features of LM747

• No frequency compensation required
• Short-circuit protection
• Wide common-mode and differential voltage ranges
• Low power consumption
• No latch-up
• Balanced offset null

Pinout

Design

LT Spice output