LEVEL 2

28 / 12 / 2024

1) Create A Voltage Multiplier.

The task was about creating a Voltage multiplier using capacitor and a 555 Timer IC. The input to 555 timer given is 50V and expected output is 100v.Firstly,I checked upon the 555 Timer IC Pin diagram,Later connected resistors and capactiors to it ,therefore I built a Astable multivibrator,To the output pin,I Joined voltage multipiler circuit which consists of Electrolytic capacitor and Diode.The output of this circuit is 100Volts.I also tried upon voltage Tripler Circuit as specified in the given task.

2)Create a circuit that provides short-circuit protection.

The task required us to prepare a short circuit protection circuit.Firstly,I checked upon the how does DPST works and found the circuit online and constructed it in tinkercad.The link is attached here.

3)Colpitts Chaos

I designed a Colpitts oscillator consisting a tank circuit of Two capacitors and One inductor.I Learnt how does an oscillator works and effect of feedback in oscillator .This task was designed using OP-Amps ,but we could also design using Transistors.

4)The Great Adder Escapade

I Learnt some basic about verilog required for this course and implemented 4 bit adder by cascading 4 full adders.I also learnt the importance of verilog in hardware design and different types of simulation at certain level-RTL,TTL etc,Modelling using verilog etc.I learnt about testbench and their importance in verilog.

Prototyping

Sourcing & Materials Selection:

5) Sourcing & Materials Selection for Electric Bicycle

Parameters required in bicycle: Maximum weight (payload including rider): 90 kg Maximum speed: 40 km/h Maximum range per charge: 50 km

Inventory Required:

1. Frame

Material: Aluminum alloy or carbon fiber (lightweight and durable) Type: Diamond frame for strength and stability Features: Integrated battery compartment for aesthetics and protection

2. Motor

Type: Brushless DC (BLDC) motor Power rating: 250W to 500W (to achieve 40 km/h with optimal efficiency) Mounting position: Rear hub or mid-drive for better balance

3. Battery

Type: Lithium-ion battery Capacity: 36V, 10Ah (360Wh, suitable for 50 km range) Features: BMS (Battery Management System) for safety

4. Controller

Type: Sine wave controller for smooth operation Features: Overcurrent, overvoltage, and overheating protection

5. Display

Type: LCD/LED multifunction display Features: Speedometer, battery level indicator, distance traveled, and mode selection

6. Throttle and Pedal Assist System (PAS)

Throttle type: Twist or thumb throttle PAS: Torque or cadence sensor for intelligent power assistance

7. Drivetrain

Gear system: 7-speed Shimano or equivalent derailleur system Chain: Stainless steel, rust-resistant

8. Wheels and Tires

Wheel size: 26-inch or 27.5-inch Tires: Puncture-resistant, hybrid tires for mixed terrain Rims: Double-walled aluminum alloy

9. Braking System

Type: Hydraulic disc brakes or regenerative braking. Rotor size: 160mm or 180mm for effective stopping power

10. Suspension

Front fork: Suspension fork with lockout (travel 60-80mm) Rear: Optional (for comfort in off-road conditions)

11. Lighting

Front light: High-lumen LED light (300-500 lumens) Rear light: LED with integrated brake light functionality

12. Accessories

Fenders: Lightweight plastic or metal Rack: Aluminum rear rack for carrying up to 20 kg Kickstand: Adjustable, heavy-duty Bell: Standard bicycle bell for safety

13. Cables and Connectors

Type: Waterproof connectors Cables: high-quality, insulated cables for durability

14. Charging Equipment

Charger type: 36V smart charger Charging time: 4-6 hours.

Material and Component Sourcing Tips:

Local Suppliers: Source standard components like frames, tires, and brakes locally to reduce lead times. Specialized Components: Work with trusted manufacturers for motor, battery, and controller. Quality Assurance: Conduct material and functionality testing for durability and safety compliance.

Estimated Weight Distribution:

Frame and components: ~10-12 kg Motor: ~3-4 kg Battery: ~2.5-3 kg Accessories: ~2-3 kg Total weight: ~18-22 kg (suitable for payload and performance requirements) Conclusion: This inventory and material selection ensure the electric bicycle meets the specified parameters of weight, speed, and range while maintaining safety, durability, and cost-efficiency. Each component should be sourced with quality and compatibility in mind to achieve optimal performance.

6)Use Fusion 360 to apply GD&T to a real-world industrial component, illustrating key concepts in a detailed 2D drawing

I Learnt how the autodesk fusion helps in getting more detailed 2d drawing of 3d model .The autodesk also allows us to select different views we need to see in the required model.Their is also an option of auxiliary view also.The dimensions can also drawned in it and edit of 3d drawings is also possible in terms of 3D and help in a more detailed explanation of model.

7) Convolution Countdown

I Learnt what convolution means in signal and system ,later undestood types of signals-continuous signal,Discrete Signal and differentiate between them.I Understood that fourier transforms and laplace transforms are the tools to study continuous signal, Z-transform & DFT to study Discrete signal.Here the task was to do convolution of 4 sample discrete signal,which I Basically did using Matlab M-SCRIPT by using for loop and i also find out that we can do directly by using conv keyword in m-script.The work pictures for my above task is attached below.

8) THE POWER SHUFFLE buck-boost Edition

I Learnt majorly about buck convertors,boost converters and where they are used.How it is different from transformer,I Also learnt the designing aspects of boost and buck converter like capacitor,inductor values design & Duty cycle.I Also designed the converter in simulink and applied pulses through pulse generator.The work picture is attached below.

9)Simulink onRamp Course.

The task was about to do course regarding Simulink onRamp in Matlab-simulink.I Learnt many things about how does integrator,gain,product,addition,subtraction,time delay blocks works.I Also learnt about Discrete,Continuous signal difference and how to give delays to it.The main project was about Peregine falcon drive which really helped me in applying the learnt concept in a practical way.I also learnt about modelling of differential equations and usuage of matlab function block.

10) Design of simple digital clock

I Designed the digital clock in Circuitverse using counters,clock,digital input &digital output & hex display. It really helped me in understanding of design of clock.The link to my circuit is shown here