Lakshmi's EV-RE-001 course work. Lv 1

Lakshmi 's EV-RE-001 course work. Lv 1

16 / 9 / 2025

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TASK 1:API

Objective: Learn the working of an API and its applications. Using any API of your choice, build a user interface (web app, mobile app, etc), where you can make calls and then display the necessary information. An example weather app is given below, using the open weather API.

Outcomes & Learnings

: click here :https://youtu.be/qPxG2a3jWps

TASK 2:WORKING WITH THE GITHUB Objective: The aim of this task was to get hands-on experience with GitHub workflows such as GitHub Actions, Issues, and Pull Requests by working on the given repository mentioned in the MARVEL website.

Outcomes & Learnings: *Through this activity, I got comfortable with using the GitHub platform. *I understood how to build and remove my own repositories. *I explored how to contribute to other people’s repositories by making edits and then submitting those changes back.

To finish the task, I first forked the provided repository to my own account and then cloned it locally. After that, I followed the instructions given in the MARVEL task to complete the work.

TASK 3: CMD lines on Ubuntu

Objective: Get familiar with the command line on ubuntu. Methodology:

1. Give the commands as given in the below image to create 2600 files in a folder named, ‘test’:

Outcomes & Learnings: I learned the use of the below commands in Ubuntu: 1.To create a folder named test: mkdir test { cmd to create the folder is: mkdir foldername}

2.To change directory (cd) into that folder: cd test {cmd for cd into the folder is: cd foldername}

3.To create a blank file without using any text editor: touch blank.txt {cmd to create a file: touch filename.extension}

4.To list the files in that folder: ls {cmd to list the files in a folder: ls}

5.To create 2600 folders in this folder where each folder is named like. For example, M0001-M2600: mkdir M{0001..2600} ( cmd to create N folders within another folder in a series: mkdir initial of file name{firstvalue..endvalue} )

6.To Concatenate two text files: Example: Create a file named blank.txt & another file named blank 2.txt, within file 1 write 123 & within file 2 write 456

Now, to concatenate these 2 files use the cmd: cat blank.txt blank2.txt

TASK 4: Build Your Own Brain -Linear Regression from Scratch

For this project, I used VS Code to write and run a Python file to build my own linear regression model. The main goal was to see if I could create a model from scratch that was as good as the one from the scikit-learn library.

My Process

I spent my time in VS Code writing all the code for the model. My Python file included:

• Building the Model: I created the core code to represent a linear regression line, which has a slope and an intercept.
• Gradient Descent: This was the most important part! I learned to use an algorithm called gradient descent to "train" my model. This process told my model to look at its errors and make small adjustments to the line to get closer to the data points. I repeated this over and over until the model found the best possible line.

Analyzing the Results

After running my Python code in VS Code, I got a great output that showed exactly how well my model performed. The image shows the final result:

TASK 5: The Matrix Puzzle — Decode with NumPy & Reveal the Image

Objective:

The main aim of this task was to solve a puzzle where the image was given in a scrambled format as a matrix. Using NumPy operations, I had to rearrange the values and reveal the hidden image.

Outcome: The scrambled numbers were finally converted into a clear image Learnings: How to reshape and manipulate arrays using NumPy. How matrices directly represent pixel values in an image. How to visualize hidden patterns using Matplotlib.

TASK 6: Create a Portfolio Webpage

Objective: The aim of this task was to design and build a simple portfolio website that showcases my personal details, interests, projects, and social media links. The webpage should also be responsive so that it works well on desktop as well as mobile devices. click here:https://youtu.be/9I-GN1iPCU0

Outcome: I successfully created a responsive portfolio webpage with sections about me, my interests, my projects, and links to social media.

The site is uploaded on GitHub and can be accessed easily.

Conclusion: This task helped me understand the basics of web development and how to showcase my work online. Creating a portfolio webpage not only improves my technical skills in HTML, CSS, and Git but also prepares me for the future when I need to present my projects to recruiters or clients. I feel more confident in building and deploying web pages, and this will definitely help me in my career growth.

TASK 7:TINKERCAD

Objective: The objective of this task was to create a tinkercad account & to make a simple circuit to estimate the distance between the ultrasonic sensor and the object.

Methodology: For this project we’ll need the below components:

The connections made are as follows:

Ultrasonic Sensor Arduino UNO VCC 5v TRIG Pin 8 ECHO Pin 9 GND GND P.S: Here the Pins 8,9 & 3 are Digital PWM pins on the Arduino.

LCD (16x2) 12C Arduino UNO VCC 5v SDA Blank pin SCL Blank pin GND GND Servo Motor Arduino UNO Ground GND Power 5V Signal Pin 3

Outcomes & Learnings: Working of the Ultrasonic sensor: https://youtu.be/NuXaLd5cIzc

The term "ultrasonic" refers to frequencies higher than 20 kHz, which are inaudible to humans because they exceed the upper limit of the human hearing range. Ultrasonic sensors typically have two cylindrical components protruding outward: a transmitter (T) and a receiver (R). The transmitter emits ultrasonic sound waves, which interact with an object in front of the sensor and reflect back to the receiver.

The distance between the ultrasonic sensor and the object is calculated based on the time it takes for the reflected ultrasonic wave to reach the receiver. The formula used for this calculation is:

𝑑=𝑠⋅𝑡

where:

𝑑 = Distance between the object and the ultrasonic sensor s = Speed of the ultrasonic wave signal t = Time taken by the reflected signal to reach the receiver To increase the range and coverage area of the ultrasonic sensor, it can be mounted on a servo motor, allowing it to rotate. This setup enables the sensor to act as a radar, scanning a wider area and providing better distance measurements. https://www.tinkercad.com/things/kBfRrTBGYVS-funky-gogo-leelo

click the link to view my simulate. https://www.tinkercad.com/things/kBfRrTBGYVS-funky-gogo-leelo?sharecode=_A-UpgIPxcHUcfNQUAzhRBGYWZ_X89tTJyUEhglJRxg

TASK 8: Speed Control of DC Motor

Objective: Understand the control DC motors using the L298N motor driver and the Arduino board. Using an UNO and H-Bridge L298N motor driver, control the speed of a 5V motor.

Methodology: The connections made are as follows:

Potentiometer Arduino UNO Ground GND Power 5v Central pin A0 L298N motor driver Components ENA ~10 of Arduino UNO IN1 8th Digital pin of Arduino UNO IN2 ~9 of Arduino UNO GND -ve of 9 v power supply 12V +ve of 9 V power supply Output 1 One terminal of DC motor Output 2 2nd terminal of DC motor Note: Here the ENA pin should be compulsorily connected to a PWM (~) pin of the Arduino

TASK 9: TASK 11: LED Toggle Using ESP32

Objective: Learn the working of an ESP32 and create a standalone web server with an ESP32 that controls the LED connected with ESP32 GPIOs.

Methodology: For this project we’ll need the below components:

The connections made are as follows:

After feeding the required code into the ESP32 microcontroller enter the mobile hotspot credentials into the code & change the baud rate to 115200, later during the compilation of the code when you receive an IP address, paste the same into your browser and toggle the LED using the same website. click here:https://youtu.be/W8Vxloyq8ro Outcomes & Learnings: Here are the glimpses of me performing this task:

TASK 10: Soldering Prerequisites

Objective: Learn about the soldering equipment and perform basic soldering on a perf board, for example a LED circuit.

Methodology: My first experience soldering an LED onto a perf board was great. I inserted the LED leads through the correct holes, ensuring proper orientation. Then, I heated the soldering iron and kept it on the junction of the lead and copper pad, feeding solder wire into the joint for a solid connection. Later cross checked if the connections were strong.

TASK 11: 555 IC astable multivibrator with 60% duty cycle

Objective: Design a 555 IC astable multivibrator with 60% duty cycle.

Methodology: For this project we’ll need the below components:

Name Component Quantity U1 555 IC Timer 1 C1 C2 0.01 uF Capacitor 2 R1 10 kilo ohms 1 R2 20 (10+10) kilo ohms 1 V1 VRPS- 5V 1

The connections are made on the breadboard as shown in the circuit diagram below:

Outcomes & Learnings:

I learned the general working of a 555 IC timer, along with the truth table of S-R flip flop. The formula used to calculate, ratio of the resistors to be used while designing a astable multivibrator for a given % of duty cycle is:

All the above knowledge helped me learn, how to design an astable multivibrator using the 555 IC timer. The duty cycle I got while performing this project is 59.5% while the expected result being 60%

TASK 12: Burglar Alarm using Logic Circuits

In this task, I designed a burglar alarm system based on two inputs: door status (open/closed) and key status (pressed/not pressed). This gives four possible cases. To simplify the logic, I used a Karnaugh Map (K-map) to determine the exact conditions when the alarm should activate.

conclusion

I used a Karnaugh map to simplify the logic for a 2-input alarm. The K-map gave the minimized expression A = D · ¬K, which is easy to build from a NOT gate and an AND gate. The circuit successfully lights the LED / sounds the buzzer only when the door is open and the key is not pressed, demonstrating how K-maps make logic design simple and reliable.

TASK 13:Introduction to Virtual Reality (VR)

1. What is Virtual Reality (VR)? Virtual Reality (VR) is a technology that allows users to experience and interact with a completely simulated environment. Using devices like VR headsets or gloves, people can immerse themselves in a 3D digital world that feels real. VR is widely used in gaming, education, training simulations, healthcare, and more. The main idea is that it blocks out the real world and places the user entirely inside the virtual environment.

conclusions: Virtual Reality is an exciting field that offers immersive experiences for gaming, education, training, and more. While it differs from AR in the level of immersion, both technologies are shaping the future of digital interaction. India is also becoming active in this space, with companies developing innovative VR solutions for multiple industries.

TASK 14:Active participation

I participated in Kagada-23 by presenting a poster on impacts of social media .The certificate is attached below.

TASK 15: DATASHEETS REPORT WRITING

TASK 16:ARTICLE USING MARKDOWN

Lakshmi S's Technical Article Using Markdown SOLAR-POWERED SMART STREET LIGHTS INTRODUCTION In many cities and towns, electricity consumption for street lighting is high, and it contributes significantly to power wastage. A sustainable alternative is to use solar-powered smart street lights, which utilize renewable energy and incorporate intelligent control mechanisms to save energy.

The concept of this project is to design and implement street lights powered by solar panels and controlled by sensors to automatically switch ON/OFF depending on ambient light and human presence.

I sincerely thank you for taking the time to read this report.