
COURSEWORK
| Ayush Tripathi | AUTHOR | ACTIVE |

15 / 3 / 2026
An API (Application Programming Interface) is a set of rules and protocols that allows
different software applications to communicate with each other. I used the OpenWeather API
— a free weather data service — to build a live weather app in HTML, CSS and JavaScript
that fetches real-time conditions like temperature, humidity, and wind speed for any city
and displays them on the UI.


GitHub hosts Git repositories and gives you a central place to store code, track changes, and work with others. Actions automates things like testing and deployment, Issues keep track of bugs and tasks, and Pull Requests are how you propose changes before they get merged.


Ubuntu is a Linux-based OS that is open-source and free. It has a GUI but the terminal is where it gets genuinely useful — file management, automation, and system tasks are all faster through the command line.
Went through the beginner's guide first, then carried out the following on the terminal:
test using mkdircd testtouchlsA90 using a loop.txt files using echocatmkdir test
cd test
touch file1.txt file2.txt
ls
mkdir A{1..2600}
echo "this is file one" > file1.txt
echo "this is file two" > file2.txt
cat file1.txt file2.txt


You have a bunch of scattered data points and no single line can pass through all of them. Linear Regression finds the best fit line — one that gets as close as possible to all of them. The gap between where a point actually is and where the line predicts it to be is the error, and the whole point of regression is to shrink that error. It is the simplest prediction algorithm in ML.
A straight line is y = ωx + b, where ω is the slope (weights in ML) and b is the intercept (bias). The job is to find the ω and b that keep prediction errors as small as possible across all the data points.
The loss function tells you how wrong the model is:
MSE is the go-to because it differentiates cleanly, which makes the math behind training much easier to work with. Linear regression
NumPy handles numerical computing in Python — multi-dimensional arrays, matrix operations, the works. Matplotlib takes care of visualization. Together they are the standard starting point for any data work in Python.
Watched the tutorials first, then worked through the puzzle in Google Colab:
.npy scrambled arraymatplotlib.pyplot.imshow() to reveal the imageClick here to view the notebook

Markdown is a lightweight markup language that formats plain text and converts it to valid HTML, consistently across any device. I learned to structure a document with headings, body text, and embedded images, videos, and GIFs, then wrote a report on F1 to put it into practice. Article
Tinkercad is a free browser-based tool by Autodesk for simulating circuits and designing 3D models, no hardware needed.
Built a circuit with an ultrasonic sensor and Arduino that calculates distance by
measuring how long sound waves take to bounce back, with results shown on the serial
monitor. Then added a servo motor to turn it into a radar system that sweeps the
sensor across angles for wider coverage. Both circuits simulated and working as
expected. Click here to view the github repo

Two things control a DC motor: PWM for speed, by switching power on and off rapidly to adjust average voltage, and an H-Bridge for direction, by reversing current flow. The L298N sits in between, taking the Arduino's weak signals and amplifying them enough to actually drive the motor.

What exactly is H-bridge?
Four transistors acting as switches, two closing at a time to decide which way the motor spins. Click the image to view the simulation
The ESP32 is a cheap microcontroller with built-in Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, programmable through the Arduino IDE. The task was to run a web server on the ESP32 itself and control an LED from a browser on the same network.
Set up the Arduino IDE with the ESP32 board package, wired the LED to a GPIO pin with a resistor, and uploaded a sketch that connects to Wi-Fi and starts a web server. Opening the IP address in a browser loads a toggle button — clicking it sends an HTTP GET request back to the ESP32, which flips the GPIO pin and serves an updated page. LED toggling wirelessly, task done.
Click the image to view the simulation
Soldering joins components by melting solder around connection points, making a
permanent bond that can be undone with desoldering when needed. Got introduced to
the equipment — iron, solder wire, flux, wick, and stand — and practiced soldering
and desoldering on a perf board under coordinator supervision.
K-Maps cut down complex boolean expressions by grouping terms into pairs, quads, or octets to get the simplest possible logic circuit.
Built a burglar alarm with two inputs — door status and key status. The K-map showed
the output is 1 only when D = 1 and K = 0, giving D·K̅. The alarm goes off when
the door is open and the key is not being used. Click the image to view the simulation

Went through the L293D datasheet to understand what is actually inside the IC — transistors, logic gates, and protection circuits. The H-bridge handles direction by flipping current flow, and PWM handles speed by switching power on and off. Together they give the chip full control over two motors. Report
Virtual Reality puts you inside a simulated 3D environment, making you feel like you are somewhere you are not. Report on VR
The Command Line Murders is a detective challenge — find the culprit buried in system files and logs using only Linux commands.
Read through the Linux commands article
first, then launched the browser terminal and got to work. Used ls and cd to
navigate, cat to read clue files, and grep to filter through logs for anything
useful. Tracked down the evidence, identified the perpetrator, and echoed the name
as the answer to make the server happy again :) .

Jupyter lets you write code, notes, and charts all in one file. Put together a notebook with Markdown for structure — intro, objectives, summary — and Python for a line graph showing monthly sales. My Jupyter Notebook
The main thing I took away from both videos: the model is only as good as the data going into it — Garbage In, Garbage Out. StatQuest made it clear that fitting training data perfectly does not make a good model — predictions on new data are what actually count. AltexSoft showed the other side of that, covering how data needs to be cleaned and structured through labelling, reduction, and normalization before training even starts, and why splitting into train and test sets matters for honest evaluation. Read further in the article