15 / 3 / 2026

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TASK 1: API

API (Application Programming Interface)

API stands for Application Programming Interface.
An API is a tool that allows two different software applications to communicate with each other.

In simple words, an API acts like a messenger. It takes a request from one application, sends it to another system, and then returns the response back to the first application.

Example

For example, when we use a weather app, the app does not store weather data itself. It sends a request to a weather server using an API. The server processes the request and sends back the weather information. The app then displays this information to the user.

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TASK 2: CREATE A PORTFOLIO WEBPAGE

Creating a Web Portfolio Using HTML and CSS

A web portfolio is a personal website that shows my skills, projects, and information about me. It works like an online resume that anyone can see using a web browser.

To create the portfolio, I used HTML and CSS.

First, I created an HTML file to add the content. Then, I used a CSS file to style the page and improve the appearance. I used simple layouts, background colors, and proper spacing to make the portfolio look modern and easy to read.

Portfolio Link

Portfolio Website

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TASK 3: THINKERCAD

Creating a Radar System Circuit Design Using Tinkercad

The Radar System Circuit is built using:

• Arduino
• Ultrasonic Sensor (HC-SR04)
• Servo Motor

The ultrasonic sensor detects objects by sending sound waves and measuring the echo time to calculate distance. The servo motor rotates the sensor to scan different angles like a radar. Arduino controls the system and displays the distance in the Serial Monitor.

What I Learned from Tinkercad

• Designing and simulating electronic circuits virtually
• Connecting components properly
• Writing and uploading Arduino code
• Testing output using the Serial Monitor

Tinkercad helped me understand the working of the radar system without using real hardware.

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TASK 4: SPEED CONTROL OF DC MOTOR

Objective

Understand how to control DC motors using the L298N motor driver and Arduino UNO.

Introduction

In this task, I explored how to control a DC motor using an Arduino and an L298N motor driver.

Through this project, I gained hands-on experience in:

• Driving a 5V DC motor
• Regulating speed using PWM (Pulse Width Modulation)
• Understanding the interaction between Arduino signals and the motor driver

This experiment provided a strong foundation in motor control techniques.

Components

• Arduino UNO
• L298N Motor Driver
• DC Motor (5V)
• Power Supply (5V)
• Jumper Wires
• Breadboard

Working Principle

The Arduino sends control signals to the L298N motor driver to manage the DC motor.

The L298N contains an H-Bridge circuit, which allows current to flow in either direction through the motor.

Direction Control

IN1	IN2	Motor Direction
0	0	Stop
0	1	Clockwise
1	0	Counterclockwise
1	1	Stop

Speed Control Using PWM

The ENA pin receives a PWM signal from the Arduino.

• 0% duty cycle → Motor stops
• 50% duty cycle → Motor runs at half speed
• 100% duty cycle → Motor runs at full speed

A potentiometer connected to Arduino varies the PWM signal to control motor speed smoothly.

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TASK 5: WORKING WITH GITHUB

Introduction

GitHub is an online platform used to store, manage, and share code. It uses Git to track changes and helps developers work together on projects.

Creating a GitHub Account

• Go to github.com
• Click Sign Up
• Enter email, username, and password
• Verify email and complete setup

Working with GitHub

• Create a repository to store project files
• Upload or create files
• Use commit to save changes
• Use branch to work on new features
• Use pull request to suggest changes

Decoding Code

Decoding code means reading and understanding how a program works.

Steps to Understand Code

• Start from the main file
• Read comments
• Identify input and output
• Break the code into smaller parts

Conclusion

GitHub is an important tool for programmers. It helps store projects, track changes, and collaborate with others.

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TASK 6: BUILD YOUR OWN BRAIN - LINEAR REGRESSION FROM SCRATCH

Linear Regression

Linear Regression is a supervised learning algorithm used to predict continuous values.

It finds the relationship between input features and output using the equation:

y = wx + b

It works by minimizing the error between actual and predicted values using Mean Squared Error (MSE).

In this project, the California Housing dataset is used to predict house prices.

Two implementations were compared:

• Linear Regression from scratch
• Linear Regression using scikit-learn

The scikit-learn model performs slightly better and faster, while the scratch model helps understand how the algorithm works internally.

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TASK 7: LED TOGGLE USING ESP32

Objective

To control (turn ON and OFF) an LED using an ESP32 microcontroller.

Components Used

• ESP32
• LED
• Resistor (220Ω)
• Breadboard
• Jumper wires
• USB cable

Working Principle

The ESP32 sends:

• HIGH signal → LED turns ON
• LOW signal → LED turns OFF

When the toggle command is executed, the ESP32 switches between HIGH and LOW states, causing the LED to turn ON and OFF alternately.

Conclusion

This experiment demonstrates how to control digital output devices using ESP32 and helps understand embedded systems and IoT projects.

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TASK 8: COMMAND LINE IN UBUNTU

In this task, I learned how to use the Ubuntu command line.

Activities Performed

• Created a folder named test
• Opened the folder using the cd command
• Created a blank file without using a text editor
• Listed files using the ls command
• Created 2600 folders
• Created two text files with random text
• Joined the files and displayed their content in the terminal

This task helped me understand basic Linux commands for creating and managing files and folders.

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TASK 9: 555 TIMER – WORKING AND APPLICATIONS

Working

The 555 timer works by charging and discharging a capacitor through a resistor.

When power is supplied:

1. The capacitor starts charging
2. When it reaches a certain voltage, the IC changes the output
3. The capacitor discharges
4. The cycle repeats

Because of this process, the 555 timer generates square wave signals and timing delays.

Applications

• LED blinking circuits
• Oscillator circuits
• Timer circuits
• Alarm circuits
• Pulse generation circuits
• Motor speed control using PWM

Conclusion

The 555 timer is a simple, low-cost, and useful IC used in many electronic circuits.

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TASK 10: KARNAUGH MAPS AND LOGIC CIRCUIT

Truth Table

Door (D)	Key (K)	Alarm
0 (Locked)	0 (Not Pressed)	1
0	1	0
1 (Open)	0	1
1	1	0

The burglar alarm activates when specific combinations of door and key conditions occur.

The circuit was designed using Karnaugh maps and implemented in Tinkercad.

YouTube Link

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TASK 11: SOLDERING PREREQUISITES

Soldering is a process used to join two or more metal components by melting a filler metal called solder.

The solder has a lower melting point than the components being joined, so the parts themselves do not melt.

Soldering is widely used in electronics and metalwork.

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TASK 12: MATRIX PUZZLE - NUMPY IMAGE DECODING

Objective

• Understand array manipulation using NumPy
• Learn how to reshape and transform matrices
• Visualize the decoded matrix as an image using Matplotlib

Steps

1. Download scrambled matrix
2. Load matrix using NumPy
3. Analyze shape and size
4. Reshape into square matrix
5. Apply operations such as:
   • Reshaping
   • Transposing
   • Flipping

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TASK 13: WRITING RESOURCE ARTICLE USING MARKDOWN

Markdown is a simple formatting language used to write structured text easily.

Common Markdown Symbols

Symbol	Use
#	Heading
* or -	List
text	Bold
code	Inline code

Microcontrollers: A Simple Introduction

A microcontroller is a small electronic chip that works like a tiny computer used to control electronic devices automatically.

Main Parts

1. CPU
2. Memory (RAM and ROM)
3. Input/Output Pins
4. Timers and Counters
5. Communication Modules (UART, SPI, I2C)

Applications

• Home appliances
• Automobiles
• Consumer electronics
• Medical devices
• Industrial automation

Advantages

• Small size
• Low power consumption
• Low cost
• Easy to use in embedded systems

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TASK 14: 3D PRINTING

A 3D printer creates real objects from digital designs by adding material layer by layer.

Important Concepts

• STL File – 3D model file
• Slicing Software – converts STL to G-code
• PLA – common 3D printing plastic

Typical PLA Settings

Setting	Value
Nozzle Temperature	190–220°C
Bed Temperature	50–60°C

3D printing is widely used for prototyping, models, tools, and product design.

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TASK 15: L293D MOTOR DRIVER – DATASHEET REPORT

Introduction

The L293D motor driver IC is used to control DC motors, stepper motors, and relays.

Microcontrollers cannot drive motors directly because motors require higher current. The L293D acts as an interface between the microcontroller and motor.

Features

• Dual H-Bridge Motor Driver
• Motor voltage up to 36V
• Output current up to 600 mA

PWM Control

PWM controls motor speed by switching power ON and OFF rapidly.

• More ON time → Higher speed
• Less ON time → Lower speed

Pin Configuration

Pin	Function
1	Enable Motor 1
2,7	Input Pins
3,6	Motor Output
8	Motor Power Supply
4,5,12,13	Ground
16	Logic Supply (5V)

Applications

• Robot cars
• Automated machines
• Conveyor belt systems
• Arduino motor control
• Robotics competitions

Conclusion

The L293D motor driver IC allows both speed control and direction control of motors using H-Bridge circuits and PWM signals, making it widely used in robotics and embedded systems.