Level 2 tasks report

14 / 9 / 2023

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Introduction to Designing

Fundamentals of Design

Drawing is a sketch which gives us some information about a product or tool A drawing of a minicooper when it was first conceptualised:

Drafting includes exact measurements to scale and follows certain widely used standards in the industry.Its the second step in development of an idea

A Design is a plan that includes the specification of the object and is the closest to the final production model.

CAD(Computer Aided Design)

1. CAD software is primarily used for creating detailed 2D and 3D digital representations of products or components.
2. Engineers and designers use CAD to draft, model, and visualize their designs before actual physical production.
3. CAD software helps in precise geometry creation, dimensioning, and annotation of designs. Examples include AutoCAD, SolidWorks, and CATIA.

CAE(Computer Aided Engineering)

1. CAE software is focused on simulating and analyzing product behavior under various conditions and stresses.
2. It allows engineers to perform virtual tests and evaluations of designs to ensure they meet performance and safety criteria.
3. CAE can simulate aspects like structural analysis, thermal analysis, fluid dynamics, and more.
4. It helps in identifying design flaws early in the development process, reducing the need for physical prototypes. Examples include ANSYS, Abaqus, and COMSOL.

CAM(Computer Aided Manufacturing)

1. CAE software is focused on simulating and analyzing product behavior under various conditions and stresses.
2. It allows engineers to perform virtual tests and evaluations of designs to ensure they meet performance and safety criteria.
3. CAE can simulate aspects like structural analysis, thermal analysis, fluid dynamics, and more.
4. It helps in identifying design flaws early in the development process, reducing the need for physical prototypes. Examples include ANSYS, Abaqus, and COMSOL.

In summary, CAD is used for design creation, CAM for translating designs into manufacturing instructions, and CAE for simulating and analyzing product performance. These software tools are often used in conjunction to streamline the product development process and improve overall design quality and efficiency.

Introduction to Engineering Drawing

Orthographic Projections

I learnt about orthographic projections from youtube and made some basic designs drawings to strengthen my grip on the topic.

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Isometric Projections

It was a fairly new and intresting topic to m learnt about differnt sketching techniques to draw in perspective.I tried sketching few basic isometric projections.

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2D Drafting

Level 3 Sierpenski Triangle

The Sierpiński triangle (sometimes spelled Sierpinski), also called the Sierpiński gasket or Sierpiński sieve, is a fractal attractive fixed set with the overall shape of an equilateral triangle, subdivided recursively into smaller equilateral triangles. Originally constructed as a curve, this is one of the basic examples of self-similar sets—that is, it is a mathematically generated pattern that is reproducible at any magnification or reduction. It is named after the Polish mathematician Wacław Sierpiński, but appeared as a decorative pattern many centuries before the work of Sierpiński.

2D drawings in CAD

I made use of differnt tools in the sketch option of fusion 360 to make differnt types of sketch.It was a bit of a learning curve as I learnt about different mechanisms for creating constraints and using different types of line se of mirro attern option etc.It formed the basis of tasks which were there further in the course.

I made 5 different types of sketches of varying skill requirement which got me familiar with the tools.

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3D Drafting of an allen key

3D Drafting of Machine parts

I used my skills which i used in 2D drafting to draft various machine parts using tools like extrud hel oft mirro ollow etc.

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3D Modelling

Solid Modelling

The NACA airfoils are airfoil shapes for aircraft wings developed by the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA). The shape of the NACA airfoils is described using a series of digits following the word ACA". The parameters in the numerical code can be entered into equations to precisely generate the cross-section of the airfoil and calculate its properties.

Engineers could quickly see the peculiarities of each airfoil shape, and the numerical designator ("NACA 241 " for instance) specified camber lines, maximum thickness, and special nose features. These figures and shapes transmitted the sort of information to engineers that allowed them to select specific airfoils for desired performance characteristics of specific aircraft.

I used a DAT extension and NACA 4412 coordinates to design an aerofoil for an HTOL aircraft

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Surface Modelling

A toroidal propeller is a type of propeller that is ring-shaped. Toroid propellers are significantly quieter (especially at audible frequencies, which lie between 20 Hz and 20 kHz) and are claimed to be more efficient than traditional propellers both in air and water. Toroidal propellers are promising for their potential to reduce noise pollution through quieter aviation and maritime transport, but they have always been difficult to manufacture and therefore very expensive.

The design distributes vortices generated by the propeller along the entire shape of the propeller, which means that noise is distributed and damped more quickly.[16][17] The propeller design has similarities with the closed wing, which is annularly shaped and therefore distributes the vortices generated along the entire shape instead of just at the tip.

Drone propellers made according to this principle have been shown to emit a frequency between 1 and 5 H 18 which is outside the audible spectrum for humans.

I used the forms tool in fusion 360 to design this toroidal propellor.It was quite difficult and took me a lot of time to understand how to use this tool.

Sheet Metal

Autodesk Fusion 360 has a Sheet Metal workspace that provides a palette of tools for the design and manufacture of parts that can be bent into a 3D part.0 The Sheet Metal workspace includes a single flange tool that includes the creation of any type of flange, including base flanges, edge flanges, miter flanges, and contour flanges.2 Bend angles are dictated by a set of rules that can be edited and overridden,and frequently used ones can be saved to the bend library for future use.0 To design sheet metal parts containing multiple walls, bends, cuts, and holes, users can create a base flange,add bends, fold and unfold the design virtually, add holes and other features, and create bending patterns that can be shared with manufacturers. I used this tool to conceptualise a postbox which can securely store in a large parcel or a normal letter enclosed in an envelope.I used machining tools to engrave the Marvel insignia onto it.

Organic design using forms

Fusion 360 3D CAD/CAM software offers several modeling environments for different types of modeling, from technical details to organic surfaces.methods for modeling complex shapes in a simple, efficient, and direct workflow by taking advantage of T-Splines geometry. This approach is useful for concept development in product design, where designers and engineers can take advantage of CAD software to explore potential shapes for attractive and dynamic consumer products. I made use of the spline tool and the mirror tool to make the profile of the vase according to dimensions and then used the revolve tool to create the vase.I even tinkered around to render it and change its material properties to give it varying types of surface finishes accordingly.

3D printing

I read some blogs online to get a comprehensive understanding of how a 3D printer works.I even learnt about the type of filament being use he extruding rat ozzle temperatur ed temperature and common troubleshooting techniques.

Electronics

Making Basic Gates using TTL logic

I made use of basic TinkerCad resources to design some basic gates.

Driving an N channel Mosfet

I understood the working of the n-channel mosfet through the link in the description and used the learnt logic to implement it on a circuit via TinkerCad. N-type mosfet depletion Type