LEVEL 3
14 / 8 / 2024
LEVEL 2
ELECTRONICS
Create A Voltage Multiplier
The voltage doubler circuit was designed using 555 Timer IC, with some active passive components like diodes, resistors, capacitors, etc.
Voltage Doubler Circuit Using 555 Timer IC in Tinkercad.
Create a circuit that provides short-circuit protection
Purpose: Short circuit protection circuits are designed to safeguard electrical circuits and components from damage caused by excessive current flow due to a short circuit.
Detection Mechanism: These circuits typically employ current sensing mechanisms to detect abnormal current levels. Common methods include using current-sensing resistors or current transformers.
Comparator Circuit: Once abnormal current is detected, a comparator circuit compares the sensed current with a predetermined threshold. If the current exceeds this threshold, it indicates a potential short circuit.
Triggering Action: Upon detection of a short circuit, the protection circuit triggers a response to interrupt the current flow quickly, preventing damage to the circuit or connected devices.
other types of protection are
- Fuse
- circuit breaker
- testing and verification 4.compliance
link:https://csg.tinkercad.com/things/iRvVQfl8eyo/t725.png?rev=1720861238697000000&s=&v=1&type=circuits
Logic design
A full adder is a digital circuit that computes the sum of three binary bits: two significant bits and a carry bit from a previous lower significant position. It produces two outputs: the sum and the carry-out.
Full Adder Using 2x1 Multiplexers
To implement a full adder using a 2x1 multiplexer (MUX), we can use multiple MUXes to realize the sum and carry functions.
Components Needed
- 2x1 Multiplexer: A multiplexer that selects one of the two inputs based on a control signal.
- AND gates: To produce the carry output.
- OR gates: To combine outputs for the carry.
Truth Table for Full Adder
| A | B | Cin | S | c |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Filter Design
Design a second-order bandpass filter using IC741 that amplifies the signal to roughly 1.5 times the original signal. The cutoff range between 4kHz and 10kHz. (Use LTspice).
- I am new to using LTspice software,this task helped me to understand how the simulation command works for AC and DC
- I learned so many things about the amplifier and OPamps circuit
Complete the Simulink and Stateflow onRamp Course and get certified
As an EEE student knowing the correct usage of MATLAB tools is the main thing. These two courses help me to know the basic idea of a simulink project.
The self-learned Simulink and Stateflow certificate in MATLAB has been a rewarding experience. It has equipped me with valuable skills that apply to my work and projects. I would highly recommend this self-learning path to anyone interested in enhancing their modeling and simulation capabilities.
Prototyping
Sourcing & Materials Selection
Create a list of inventory required to make an electric bicycle Parameters to keep in mind Max weight 90kg Max speed = 40kmph Max range = 50km per charge Furnish a detailed report for the same.
FrameType:
Aluminum alloy or carbon fiber frame.Considerations: The frame should be lightweight yet strong enough to handle the motor and battery, and support a total weight of 90 kg. A typical aluminum frame weighs around 3-5 kg. Weight: 3-5 kg
Electric MotorType:
Brushless DC (BLDC) hub motor.Power rating: 500W – 750W.500W can reach speeds of 35-40 km/h.750W will provide more torque and acceleration but might reduce efficiency.Voltage: 36V or 48V (higher voltage motors typically deliver better efficiency and speed).Location: Rear-wheel hub motors are common for electric bikes.Weight: 4-5 kg
BatteryType:
Lithium-ion battery (Li-ion) or Lithium-Polymer (LiPo).Capacity: 36V or 48V, with a capacity between 10Ah to 15Ah, depending on motor power and range. To calculate the required battery capacity for a 50 km range:Assumption: The motor consumes approximately 12-15 Wh per km.For a 50 km range at 40 km/h, total energy consumption = 15 Wh/km × 50 km = 750 Wt For a 48V system ,Battery capacity = 750 Wh ÷ 48V = 15.6Ah.Battery size: 48V, 15Ah battery pack for a 50 km range.Weight: 3-4 kg.4. ControllerType: 48V motor controller compatible with the motor and battery.
Seating :
Saddle: Ergonomically designed saddle for comfort, utilizing materials like synthetic leather for durability. Adjustability: Adjustable seat height for different rider preferences, enhancing adaptability.
Handlebars and Grips:
Type: Ergonomic handlebars for a comfortable riding position, using materials like aluminum alloy for lightweight durability. Grips: Non-slip rubber grips for better control, ensuring rider safety.
Pedals:
Type: Durable and lightweight pedals with a grippy surface, made from materials like reinforced nylon for strength. Reflectors: Integrated reflectors for visibility in low light conditions, enhancing safety.
Chain and Chairing:
Chain Material: High-quality rust-resistant chain, utilizing materials like stainless steel for longevity. Chainring: Customized chainring for optimal speed and torque, made from durable aluminum alloy
Wire and Wiring :
Material: High-quality, weather-resistant wiring for electrical connections, ensuring reliability and durability. Organization: Neat cable management system for a clean appearance, promoting ease of maintenance.
stand:
Type: Sturdy and adjustable kickstand for easy parking and stability, using materials like reinforced steel for durability and strength.
Security systems :
Locking System: Integrated lock or locking points for enhanced security, using robust materials to deter theft. Alarm System: Optional alarm system for theft deterrence, enhancing overall security.
USER MANUAL AND DOCUMENTATION :
3D PRINTING
Comprehensive Manual: In-depth user manual for assembly, maintenance, and troubleshooting, utilizing sustainable materials for printed documentation.
Online Resources: Provide online- e-resources for additional support, ensuring accessibility and adaptability
Computational Fluid Dynamics
in level 1 I did an aerofoil design named NACA2424 after that, I installed CFD then I downloaded the details of NACA 2424 aerofoil parameters ,after insaved the DAT file to spline in fusion 360 assgin the respected values and select correct medium whether it air, water ,etc The surrounding fluid was designated as air, and a realistic wind velocity of 2 was set. The simulation meticulously ran through 25 iterations, generating a wealth of data for various parameters.
calculated the static velocity and pressure
Generative Design: Generative Design
in this design is used to form less usage of the materials with various properties of the design In manufacturing, generative design can be used to find new ways to reduce component weights
A preserve geometry is one of the geometry types in the design space. You assign it to bodies to incorporate them in the final shape of the design.
obstacle geometry is assigned to a geometry that represents empty spaces where material isn't placed during the generation of outcomes.
after all the settings like appearance ,weights,loads then it takes time to generate out comes with many different options.
Assembly & Simulation
Gripper design, assembly, and simulation. Design the parts, assemble them as instructed there of, and simulate them in Fusion360.
I need to know about the bodies and components of Autodesk Fusion. Assemble, build, and capture motion properly. like a loft, fillet, offset, and some construction in Fusion 360.