15 / 3 / 2026

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Task 1: 3D Printing

Objective

To understand the working of a 3D printer and learn about STL files and slicing.

About 3D Printing

3D printing is a process of creating objects layer by layer using a digital model.

STL File

An STL file contains the 3D design of the object to be printed.

Slicing

Slicing converts the STL file into G-code using software like Ultimaker Cura or Creality Slicer.

Conclusion

This task helped in understanding 3D printing, STL files, and basic printer settings.

Task 2: API Report

Introduction

An API (Application Programming Interface) allows different software applications to communicate with each other and exchange data.

Objective

The objective of this task is to understand how an API works and to build a simple user interface that fetches and displays data from an API.

API Used

OpenWeather API is used to get real-time weather information such as temperature, humidity, and weather conditions.

Working

1. The user enters the city name in the application.
2. The app sends a request to the OpenWeather API.
3. The API processes the request and returns weather data.
4. The application displays the weather information on the screen.

Applications of API

• Weather applications
• Payment gateways
• Social media integrations
• Maps and navigation apps

Conclusion

APIs make it easy for applications to share data and functionality. In this task, a simple weather app was created using the OpenWeather API to display weather information.

Task 3: Working with GitHub

Objective

The objective of this task is to understand how GitHub works, including GitHub Actions, Issues, and Pull Requests.

Tools Used

• GitHub
• Git
• Web Browser

Procedure

1. Open the given GitHub repository link.
2. Read the instructions provided in the README file.
3. Explore the repository structure and files.
4. Understand GitHub features such as Issues, Pull Requests, and GitHub Actions.
5. Perform the tasks mentioned in the README file.
6. Commit the changes and push them to the repository.

Result

Successfully explored the GitHub repository and understood how to work with GitHub workflows, issues, and pull requests.

Conclusion

This task helped in learning the basic workflow of GitHub and how collaboration is done using repositories.

Task 4: Ubuntu Command Line

Objective

Learn basic Ubuntu command line operations.

Commands Used

• Create folder: mkdir test
• Go to folder: cd test
• Create blank file: touch file.txt
• List files: ls
• Create many folders: mkdir A{1..100} B{1..100}
• Concatenate files: cat file1.txt file2.txt

Conclusion

This task helped understand basic file and folder commands in Ubuntu terminal.

Task 5: Build Your Own Brain – Linear Regression from Scratch

Objective

The objective of this task is to understand the core concept of machine learning by implementing Linear Regression from scratch and comparing its performance with the scikit-learn implementation.

Dataset

The California Housing dataset was used to train and evaluate the model. This dataset contains information about housing prices and related features.

Methodology

1. Loaded the California Housing dataset.
2. Implemented Linear Regression manually using Python.
3. Calculated predictions using the regression formula.
4. Evaluated the model performance.
5. Compared the results with the scikit-learn LinearRegression model.

Results

Both models produced similar predictions. The scikit-learn model performed slightly better because it is optimized and widely tested.

Conclusion

This task helped in understanding how Linear Regression works internally and how machine learning libraries simplify the implementation process.

Task 6: The Matrix Puzzle – Decode with NumPy & Reveal the Image

Introduction

This task focuses on solving a visual puzzle using Python libraries such as NumPy and Matplotlib. The objective is to decode a scrambled matrix and reveal the hidden image.

Tools Used

• Python
• NumPy
• Matplotlib

Procedure

1. Install and import the required libraries (NumPy and Matplotlib).
2. Load the scrambled matrix data.
3. Use NumPy operations to rearrange or decode the matrix.
4. Visualize the decoded matrix using Matplotlib.
5. Display the hidden image.

Result

After decoding the matrix and plotting it with Matplotlib, the hidden image is successfully revealed.

Conclusion

This task helps in understanding matrix manipulation using NumPy and visualization using Matplotlib. It demonstrates how data can be transformed into meaningful visual information.

Task 7: Create a Portfolio Webpage

Objective

The objective of this task is to create a personal portfolio website that showcases information about myself, my interests, projects, and social media profiles.

Tools Used

• HTML
• CSS
• GitHub
• Visual Studio Code

Description

In this task, I created a responsive portfolio webpage. The website includes sections such as About Me, My Interests, Projects, and Social Media Links. CSS was used to style the webpage and make it responsive for different devices.

Outcome

The portfolio website was successfully created and uploaded to the GitHub repository. It displays personal details, projects, and links to social media profiles in a clean and responsive layout.

Conclusion

This task helped me understand how to build a personal portfolio website and publish it using GitHub.

Task 9: Tinkercad

Introduction to Tinkercad

Tinkercad is an online simulation platform developed by Autodesk that allows users to design 3D models and simulate electronic circuits. It is widely used by beginners to learn electronics and Arduino programming without using physical hardware.

Working of Servo Motor

A servo motor is a rotary actuator that allows precise control of angular position. In this project, the servo motor rotates the ultrasonic sensor from one side to another to scan a wider area

Conclusion

Using Tinkercad, a simple radar system was simulated using an ultrasonic sensor and a servo motor. The system detects objects and displays the distance on the serial monitor, demonstrating the basic working principle of radar-based object detection.

Task 10: Speed Control of DC Motor

Objective

To control the speed of a DC motor using an Arduino UNO and L298N motor driver.

Components Used

• Arduino UNO
• L298N Motor Driver
• 5V BO DC Motor
• Jumper Wires
• Power Supply

Procedure

1. Connect the L298N motor driver to the Arduino UNO.
2. Connect the DC motor to the output terminals of the L298N driver.
3. Use PWM pins from the Arduino to control the motor speed.
4. Upload the Arduino code to control the speed.
5. First simulate the circuit in Tinkercad.
6. After simulation, implement the circuit on hardware.

Result

The speed of the DC motor was successfully controlled using Arduino and the L298N motor driver through PWM signals.

Conclusion

This experiment demonstrated how PWM signals from Arduino can control the speed of a DC motor using an H-Bridge motor driver.

Task 11: LED Toggle Using ESP32

Objective

To understand the working of the ESP32 and create a standalone web server that can control an LED connected to the ESP32 GPIO pins.

Tools Required

• ESP32 Development Board
• LED
• Resistor (220Ω)
• Jumper Wires
• Arduino IDE
• USB Cable

Procedure

1. Install and open the Arduino IDE.
2. Configure the ESP32 board in the Arduino IDE.
3. Connect the ESP32 board to the computer using a USB cable.
4. Connect the LED to the ESP32 GPIO pin with a resistor.
5. Write the program to create a web server.
6. Upload the code to the ESP32 using Arduino IDE.
7. Open the ESP32 IP address in a web browser to toggle the LED.

Result

The ESP32 successfully hosts a web server, allowing the user to turn the LED ON and OFF through a web browser.

Task 12: Soldering Prerequisites

Objective

To learn about basic soldering equipment and perform simple soldering on a perf board.

Materials Used

• Soldering iron
• Solder wire
• Flux
• Soldering wick
• Perf board
• LED
• Resistor
• Connecting wires

Procedure

1. Observed the soldering equipment in the lab.
2. Learned the purpose of solder wire, flux, and soldering wick.
3. Heated the soldering iron.
4. Placed the LED and resistor on the perf board.
5. Soldered the component leads using solder wire.
6. Checked the circuit under the guidance of the coordinator.

Result

A simple LED circuit was successfully soldered on the perf board.

Task 13: 555

Objective

To design and implement a 555 timer astable multivibrator with a duty cycle of 60% and observe the output waveform using a Digital Storage Oscilloscope (DSO).

Components Required

• NE555 Timer IC
• Resistors (R1, R2)
• Capacitor (C)
• Breadboard
• Connecting Wires
• Power Supply (5V/9V)
• Digital Storage Oscilloscope (DSO)

Circuit Description

The NE555 timer is configured in astable mode to generate a continuous square wave.
The resistors and capacitor determine the frequency and duty cycle of the output waveform.

Procedure

1. Place the NE555 IC on the breadboard.
2. Connect the resistors and capacitor according to the astable multivibrator circuit.
3. Provide power supply to the circuit.
4. Connect the output pin (Pin 3) to the DSO probe.
5. Observe the waveform and verify the duty cycle.

Observation

The output waveform observed on the DSO is a square wave with approximately 60% duty cycle.

Result

The 555 astable multivibrator circuit was successfully designed and tested. The output waveform was observed on the DSO and the duty cycle was approximately 60%.

Task 14: Karnaugh Maps and Deriving the Logic Circuit

Objective

To use a Karnaugh Map (K-Map) to derive a logic expression and design a simple burglar alarm circuit.

Description

The system considers two inputs:

• Door status (Open / Closed)
• Key status (Pressed / Not Pressed)

The alarm (LED/Buzzer) turns ON when the door is opened without pressing the key.

Truth Table

Door (D)	Key (K)	Alarm (A)
0	0	0
0	1	0
1	0	1
1	1	0

Karnaugh Map

D\K	0	1
0	0	0
1	1	0

Simplified Boolean Expression

A = D · K'

Where:

• D = Door
• K = Key
• K' = NOT Key

Logic Circuit

The circuit uses:

• 1 NOT Gate
• 1 AND Gate
• LED or Buzzer as output

The door input goes to the AND gate, while the key input passes through a NOT gate before entering the AND gate.

Result

The burglar alarm activates only when the door is opened and the key is not pressed.

Electronic Speed Controller (ESC) Datasheet Report

1. Introduction

An Electronic Speed Controller (ESC) is a device used to control the speed, direction, and braking of an electric motor. ESCs are commonly used in drones, RC cars, robotics, and electric vehicles.

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2. Basic Specifications

Parameter	Description
Device Name	Electronic Speed Controller (ESC)
Input Voltage	7.4V – 14.8V (2S–4S LiPo Battery)
Continuous Current	Up to 30A
Control Signal	PWM (Pulse Width Modulation)
Application	Drones, RC vehicles, robotics

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3. Components of ESC

• Microcontroller – Controls motor speed
• MOSFETs – Switch power to the motor
• Capacitors – Reduce electrical noise
• Voltage Regulator – Maintains stable voltage

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4. Working Principle

The ESC receives a PWM signal from a receiver or microcontroller.
Based on this signal, the ESC adjusts the power delivered to the motor.

Working Steps

1. Receive PWM signal from controller.
2. Process signal using microcontroller.
3. MOSFETs switch power to motor phases.
4. Motor speed changes according to PWM signal.

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5. Pin Configuration

Pin	Function
Red	Power Supply (+V)
Black	Ground (GND)
Yellow/White	Signal (PWM Input)
Motor Wires	Connected to Motor

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6. Applications

• Drones
• RC Cars
• Robotics
• Electric vehicles

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7. Advantages

• Accurate speed control
• High efficiency
• Compact size
• Reliable performance

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8. Conclusion

Electronic Speed Controllers are essential devices for controlling motor speed in many modern electronic systems such as drones and robotics. They provide efficient and precise motor control.

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