LEVEL 1 : Design and Prototype
23 / 1 / 2023
23 / 1 / 2023
2. Isometric projections. These dimensions are 0.816 times their actual dimensions. Hexagonal nut- as indicated by its name has 6 sides, which is one of the widely used fasteners, generally made of steel and a number of other materials. Challenges faced * : The representation of threads was a bit time consuming as their sizes were small and needed precision. How was it solved : Watched a couple of videos on how to draw the threads accurately. 
An another model was given for which the orthographic views were mentioned and the isometric view had to be drawn. This model seemed to be much easier to draw on a software rather than on a paper. The reason being that it involved a lot of circles for which drawing the isometric view with the appropriate dimensions is a quite difficult part. Challenges faced : This particular sub-task was the most time consuming. Achieving good amount of precision had been a tough task. How was it solved: This isometric view did not turn out good in the first try. Practiced isometric views of circles. Finally at the third time, I was able to get the view. The picture below is of the same. 
### TASK 2 : 2D drafting in CAD This task required us to draw a few basic shapes on a design software. Below, I have made use of a software called Creo Parametric. - Cube of sides 40mm. Here, the cube was drawn using the sketch of a square and then extruding it using the option 'Extrude'. 
- Tetrahedron of sides 35mm. A triangular sketch was made and this triangle was blended to a point using the option 'Blend'. 
- Octahedron of sides 30mm.* Octahedron was also made using the option 'Blend' in the software. 
-* Hemisphere of radius 70mm.* I have shown both solid and hollow hemispheres. Both the spheres was done using the option 'Revolve' about a defined center line. The degrees was set to 180 as we needed only half of the sphere. For the solid hemisphere, closed semi-circle was drawn and for the hollow hemisphere, open semi-circle was drawn. 
Challenges faced : None ### TASK 3 : 3D Drawing The following sub-tasks were given in this task. A few dimensions were not mentioned, so they were taken accordingly. 1a. Pentagonal pyramid of sides 40mm and height 60mm. For a pentagonal pyramid, again the option 'Blend' is useful. The point should be taken at the center of the Pentagon by taking proper dimensions. 
1b.* Hollow Cylinder, diameter 40mm and height 60m hickness 2mm.* A hollow cylinder is made by extruding a circle and removing the material from inside by providing the proper thickness. 
2.A hexagonal pyramid of base edges 16mm and height 50mm is placed on a cylinder of radius 50mm. Hexagonal pyramid was made using 'Blend' option and then a circle was made on the base of the pyramid and 'Extrude' option was used. 
3. A triangular prism of sides 30 mm placed a square prism of sides 50mm with equal inclination to the horizontal axis. A triangular prism was made using the sketch of a triangle and then extruding it. The base was again extruded to obtain a square prism. 
Challenges faced : None. ### TASK 4 : Design, Assembly and Simulation.(Hinge joint) A hinge joint was to be shown in this task through the design software. A hinge joint is the one which allows flexion and extension in one plane with small degrees of motion in other planes. The required measurements were mentioned. All the three parts were to be created and then assembled together. Options used: - 'Sketch' for creating the basic sketch. - 'Extrude' for extruding the sketch. - 'Hole' for creating holes on the extruded surface. - 'Pattern' for creating the pattern of holes. - 'Chamfer' for chamfering the surfaces. Also, tried an option called 'Appearance' which gives the look of different types of materials to the objects. Different colours can be added too. Challenges faced : Although it was a little time consuming while doing an assembly on a new software as I was exploring various other options, no major challenges were faced. 
### TASK 5: 3D designing of ball and socket joint. The design and assembly of a ball and socket joint was to be done in this task. A ball and socket joint is a system consisting of a ball-shaped part that fits into a ball-shaped socket. Options used : - 'Revolve' option was sufficient for the first part. - 'Extrude' to extrude the socket. - 'Revolve' to remove certain portions from the socket. 
I also tried creating different types for the ball and socket joint. 
### TASK 6 : 3D Printing In this task, we had to create a simple machine component through a design software and then print is using Ultimaker Cura. But, since the 3D printer was not in proper condition since a while, we were not able to complete this task. However, in the mean time learnt a few basics of the Ultimaker Cura. The printable files are ready as well. ### TASK 7 : LED on a Breadboard LED stands for Light Emitting Diode. It is a simple component which emits light when current is passed through it. LED has various applications such as in street lights, parking garage lighting, walkway and other outdoor area lighting, refrigerated case lighting, modular lighting, and task lighting. Below I have built a very simple circuit which lights up a single Light Emitting Diode. Components used : - A breadboard : Used for building temporary circuits - Breadboard wire links : Used to connect two points in a circuit - Battery : To provide power supply - Battery clip : For mounting batteries securely within a holder - LED : To emit light. - Resistor : The purpose of the resistor is to limit the current flowing through the LED so that the LED is not burned out. The above components are connected in an arrangement as shown below. Once the circuit is closed, and the current is passing through LED it starts emitting light. Challenges faced : None 
Also tried using different LEDs by connecting them in parallel. I had used different resistor and LED combinations as well. 
### TASK 8 : Transistor as a switch This task required us to operate a transistor as a switch by biasing it appropriately. The transistor has 3 pins. Namely- Emitter, Base and Collector. Transistor has found use in great digital applications such as embedded systems, digital circuits, and control systems. Components used : 1. Breadboard : Used for building temporary circuits. 2. Connecting Wires : Used to connect two points in a circuit 3. Battery : To provide power supply 4. BC547 NPN Transistor : Is usually used for current amplifier, quick switching and pulse-width modulation (PWM) 5. Switch/Push Button : Used to turn on and off the control circuit 6. Resistors : To limit the current flowing 7. LED : To emit light Challenges faced : It was little difficult to read the circuit diagram and make the connections accordingly. How was it solved : I had to go through all the symbolic representations of the devices, positive and the negative terminal differences and then was able to get it. 
### TASK 9 : Flash an LED using a transistor In this task, we were required to blink an LED using 2 npn transistors. This circuit basically works on the charging and discharging of capacitors. The speed of blinking can be changed by changing the value of capacitors. Components used : 1. Breadboard: Used for building temporary circuits. 2. Connecting Wires : Used to connect two points in a circuit 3. Breadboard supply : To provide power supply through a DC Adaptor 4. Resistors : 2 resistors of 1K ohm each and 2 resistors of 22k ohm each were used 5. LEDs : 2 LEDs to emit light 6. Transistors : 2 NPN transistors of BC547 were used 7. Capacitors : 2 Capacitors of 100 micro farad each were used The arrangement below shows Flasher circuit. Challenges faced : None 
### TASK 10 : Darkness detector using LDR LDR stands for Light Dependent Resistor. As indicated by the name, this type of resistor works on photoconductivity. LDR is used to indicate the presence or absence of light, or to measure the light intensity. Here, I have created a darkness detector circuit that turns on an LED when the room is dark. Also, designed a light detector by biasing the transistor appropriately. The arrangement is as shown in the picture below. Components used : 1. Breadboard: Used for building temporary circuits. 2. Connecting Wires : Used to connect two points in a circuit 3. Breadboard supply : To provide power supply through a DC Adaptor 4. Resistors : To limit the current flow. 5. LDR : To measure the intensity of light. Challenges faced: None 
### TASK 11 : Convert the drawings on paper to CAD A few components' isometric projections were given along with the specified dimensions. These parts were to be replicated on a design software using the given dimensions. In this task, I have made use of a software called Creo Parametric. The different options that I made use of while designing the below components are : - Sketch : For design 1, 2 and 3 - Extrude : For design 1, 2 and 3 - Shell : For design 2 - Trajectory rib : For design 2 - Sweep : For design 3 The 3D dimensional views are as given below. 
### TASK 12 : Simple soldering practice Soldering is the process of joining two or more electronic parts together by melting solder around the connection. This process to be carried out, requires a few components. The components used are as listed below. - Soldering iron : Heats up in order to melt solder around electrical connections. - Sponge : Helps to keep the soldering iron tip clean by removing the oxidation that forms. - Soldering iron stand : Helps prevent the hot iron tip from coming in contact with flammable materials. - Solder : Metal alloy material that is melted to create a permanent bond between electrical parts. - Helping hand : A device that has 2 or more alligator clips and sometimes a magnifying glass/light attached. Here I have soldered two wires. I have also soldered an IC on a printed circuit board. Below are the pictures of same. This particular task was the most interesting one as I had performed this for the first time. Marvel coordinators had helped me by teaching how this works. Challenges faced: The soldering process was a little complicated while doing it on PCB. How was it solved : De-soldered where-ever I found that the soldering done was not satisfactory and soldered again. 
