cover photo

COURSEWORK

Jnanesh's IOT-001 course work. Lv 1

Jnanesh MRAUTHORACTIVE
work cover photo
This Report is yet to be approved by a Coordinator.

MARVEL LEVEL 0 TASKS

14 / 9 / 2025


GENERIC TASKS BY JNANESH M R

TASK 1: 3D PRINTING

3D printing works on the principle of additive manufacturing, where an object is built step by step by adding material in thin layers. For my project, I downloaded an STL file of a kunai and its handle from thingyverse and opened it in a slicer software. The slicer broke the model down into thin layers and generated a G-code file with instructions that the printer could follow.

I used PLA filament for the print, setting the infill density to 20%. The nozzle temperature was kept at 200°C, while the bed temperature was maintained at around 60°C to help the print stick properly and avoid warping.

kunai

TASK 2: API

An API (Application Programming Interface) allows two applications to communicate with each other by sending and receiving data. It acts as a bridge between a client (such as a web app or mobile app) and a server that provides data or services.

For this project, I chose to work with the Random Dog Image Generator API, which returns URLs of random dog images. I built a simple user interface where each time a button is clicked, an API call is made, and the application fetches a new dog image automatically. The fetched image is then displayed to the user.

api

TASK 3: WORKING WITH GITHUB

GitHub is a developer platform that allows developers to create, store, manage and share their code. I familiarised myself with the various actions in GitHub. As a part of this task, we were supposed to fix an issue in the main file. The steps I followed are:

  • Forked the repository.
  • Created a new branch.
  • Corrected the error.
  • Clicked on Commit changes.
  • Created a pull request.

github

TASK 4: GET FAMILIAR WITH THE COMMAND LINE ON UBUNTU AND DO THE FOLLOWING TASKS

I learned the basic commands of ubuntu and created 2600 folders starting from jnan0000 to jnan2600. commands used are:

  • mkdir test
  • cd test
  • touch test.txt
  • for i in $(seq 0001..2600); do mkdir -p "jnan$(printf'%d'"$i")"; done
  • ls

Created two files and concatenated it using the command cat commands used

  • cat ji.txt j2.txt

2600 file

concatenation

TASK 5: Build Your Own Brain -Linear Regression from Scratch

For this task, I built a Linear Regression model from scratch and compared it with scikit-learn’s implementation using the California Housing dataset. I scaled the features, used gradient descent to optimize the weights, and checked the model’s performance using MSE, MAE, and R². Then I compared it with scikit-learn’s model and visualized the predictions. Doing this helped me understand how gradient descent works and appreciate how convenient and efficient built-in ML tools are.

linear regression

TASK 6:The Matrix Puzzle — Decode with NumPy & Reveal the Image

For this task, I took a scrambled matrix and used NumPy to decode it into a hidden image. I examined its shape, reshaped it into a square, and adjusted its orientation using slicing, flipping, and transposing. Then, I revealed the image using Matplotlib’s imshow(). This activity helped me get comfortable with NumPy, practice manipulating 2D arrays, and see how data can be transformed to uncover hidden patterns.

numpy

TASK 7: Create a Portfolio Webpage

I have created my portfolio webpage which has details about me, my skills and tools and the projects that i have done. I used html,css and javascript for this webpage. this gave me the knowledge of crafting the webpages.

portfolio

TASK 8: Writing Resource Article using Markdown

I wrote a resource article on lunar eclipse using the markdown language and how it happens.during this task i learned about the language markdown and its working.

The Blood Moon: A Guide to the Lunar Eclipse

A lunar eclipse is a striking astronomical event that takes place when the Earth passes directly between the Sun and the Moon. When this happens, Earth's shadow obscures the Moon, causing it to darken and sometimes appear a striking reddish color. This is why a total lunar eclipse is often called a "Blood Moon." This phenomenon can only occur during a full moon.


The Mechanics of a Lunar Eclipse

The Earth's shadow has two parts:

  • The Umbra: This is the inner, dark part of the shadow where the Earth completely blocks direct sunlight from reaching the Moon.
  • The Penumbra: The outer, lighter part of the shadow where the Earth only partially blocks the Sun's light.

A lunar eclipse unfolds as the Moon moves through these two regions of Earth's shadow.

moon


Types of Lunar Eclipses

There are three main types of lunar eclipses:

  1. Total Lunar Eclipse: The most spectacular type. The entire Moon passes into the Earth's umbra. As it moves through the darkest part of the shadow, sunlight that is filtered and refracted by Earth's atmosphere still reaches the Moon, giving it a reddish or coppery glow.
  2. Partial Lunar Eclipse: This happens when only a part of the Moon enters the Earth's umbra. It looks like a "bite" has been taken out of the Moon.
  3. Penumbral Lunar Eclipse: The most subtle type. The Moon only passes through the Earth's penumbra. The darkening is so slight that it can be difficult to notice with the naked eye.

Why the "Blood Moon" is Red

The red color of a total lunar eclipse is caused by the same principle that makes sunsets appear red. As sunlight passes through Earth's atmosphere, blue light is scattered away, while red and orange light passes through. During a total lunar eclipse, this filtered red light is the only light that reaches the Moon, making it appear to glow with an eerie, coppery color.

Unlike a solar eclipse, a lunar eclipse is safe to view directly with the naked eye and does not require any special equipment.

TASK 9: Tinkercad

Tinkercad is a online cad design program which helps to design and simulate the circuits I successfully designed and simulated a radar system with a servo motor using tinkercad i gained experience on the tolls available, operations of the sensor used and how ultrasonic sensor detects the object

tinkercad

TASK 10: Speed Control of DC Motor

I have done the task of controlling a dc motor rated 5v using arduino uno and l298n motor driver i have rigged the circuit hardware successfully which can control the DC motors speed and direction. this enchanced my learning in practical applications of motor driver and micro controllers

video

TASK 11: LED Toggle Using ESP32

ESP32 is a microcontroller which is majorly used for wireless connectivity.I connected the esp32 to leds and resistors on breadboard and uploaded the code using arduino ide.In the serial monitor I got the ip address of the webpage which displayed the controls of the esp32.

led toggle

led

TASK 12: Soldering Prerequisites

Ssoldering is the process of joining two metal surfaces mechanically with the help of solder. The soldering iron supplies the heat to the solder which will flow between the gap of metal pieces and cools down to form a joint. I used a perf board to place a led and a resistor which i soldered and connected it with a battery.

solder

TASK 13: 555 Astable Multivibrator

I have rigged the 555 astable multivibrator with a duty cycle of 60% by using the resistor ratio 1:2 and used two capacitors of 0.01 micro farad. Analysed the capacitors charging and discharging with respect to the duty cycle.

connections

simulation

TASK 14: Karnaugh Maps and Deriving the logic circuit

For this task, I analyzed the behavior of a door lock system with four possible cases based on whether the door is locked or unlocked and whether a key is pressed or not. I used Karnaugh maps (K-maps) to simplify the logic and derive the corresponding logic circuit. Using logic gates, I designed a simple burglar alarm where a buzzer or LED activates when specific conditions are met. Push buttons were used to simulate the door and key inputs. This exercise helped me practice simplifying Boolean expressions and designing functional circuits based on truth tables.

kmaps

TASK 15: Active Participation

I have actively participated and secured 3rd prize at 2 day hardware hackathon conducted by elsoc bmsce and robomanthan pvt ltd on 30th and 31st august 2025. Our team has built a smart trolley system which uses esp32 cam to scan the qr codes of the products and decides them by the logic given to the code. it also face detects and follows the person. I have gained a lot of experience of both hardware and software by working with teammates and industry experts.

bms

TASK 16: Datasheets report writing

L293D Motor Driver IC – Technical Report

Introduction

The L293D is a dual motor driver IC that is commonly used to control DC and stepper motors in robotics, automation, and other electronics projects. It allows control over both motor direction and speed using simple digital signals from a microcontroller. Its compact design and protective features make it a popular choice for hobbyists and beginners.

Key Features and Specifications

  • Can control two motors simultaneously, each up to 600mA.
  • Operates at voltages up to 36V, suitable for small to medium motors.
  • Built-in diodes protect the IC and motors from voltage spikes (back EMF).
  • Compatible with TTL logic levels, making it easy to interface with Arduino, Raspberry Pi, or other microcontrollers.
  • Separate input and output grounds reduce interference and noise in the circuit.

How It Works

H-Bridge Circuitry The IC contains two H-bridges, each consisting of four switches that allow current to flow in both directions. This enables the motor to spin forward or backward depending on the input signals.

  • Forward rotation: One input HIGH, the other LOW
  • Reverse rotation: Inputs swapped
  • Brake: Both inputs HIGH or LOW stops the motor immediately
  • PWM Speed Control Motor speed is controlled using Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) applied to the enable pins. By varying the PWM duty cycle, the effective voltage reaching the motor changes, allowing for smooth acceleration and speed control.

Applications and Uses

The L293D is versatile and can be used in many areas:

  • Robotics: Driving motors for wheels, robotic arms, or grippers
  • Home automation: Small conveyor belts, doors, or automated systems
  • Embedded electronics: Stepper motors in 3D printers, CNC machines, or educational kits

Advantages

  • Simple integration with most microcontrollers
  • Can drive two motors at once, reducing components
  • Protects against sudden voltage spikes with built-in diodes
  • Affordable and widely available

Limitations

Limited current handling (600mA per motor) Can generate heat during extended use Less efficient than modern MOSFET-based drivers

Conclusion

The L293D remains a reliable and beginner-friendly motor driver. Its combination of H-bridges, PWM compatibility, and built-in protection makes it ideal for prototyping and educational projects. While newer drivers may offer higher efficiency and current handling, the L293D’s simplicity and robustness make it a go-to IC for anyone learning motor control or building small automation projects.

Task 17: Introduction to VR

I explored the differences between Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) and looked into the latest trends in VR technology. While VR immerses you in a completely digital world, AR overlays digital elements onto the real world, enhancing what you see rather than replacing it. VR is becoming increasingly popular in gaming, education, healthcare, and the metaverse, thanks to advances in headsets, software, and faster internet like 5G. In India, companies such as AjnaLens, Scapic, and Simulanis are leveraging VR to improve learning, training, and healthcare solutions. When I tried VR myself, the experience felt incredibly real and interactive, highlighting its potential to create lifelike, immersive environments. VR is truly transforming how we interact with both digital and real worlds, opening up endless possibilities for the future.

vr

for the further tasks click here

UVCE,
K. R Circle,
Bengaluru 01