DOMAIN TASK

1 / 6 / 2023

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TASK-1

DIRECTION CONTROL OF A DC MOTOR

In this task we will control the direction with the help of potentiometer.

COMPONENTS REQUIRED :

1. Motor driver
2. Arduino
3. Potentiometer
4. jumper wires
5. voltage supplier

STEPS TO SETUP UP THE CIRCUIT :

1. Connect the first motor to motor controller module Out1 and Out2.
2. Connect the first motor to motor controller module Out3 and Out4.
3. Connect the positive wire from the battery pack to pin +12V on the module.
4. Connect the negative wire from the battery pack to pin GND on the module.
5. Connect the GND pin of the module to the GND pin of the Arduino.
6. Connect Arduino pin 5 to module pin In1.
7. Connect Arduino pin 4 to module pin In2.
8. Connect Arduino pin 3 to module pin In3.
9. Connect Arduino pin 2 to module pin In4.
10. Connect the middle pin of the potentiometer to Arduino pin A0.
11. Connect the other two pins of the potentiometer
    to Arduino pins 5V and GND.

the potentiometer’s range of output values is divided to two parts.in which the first part is from 0 - 512 is used for moving the motors in one direction and next from 512 - 1023 moves the motors towards another direction

in one set of code HIGH is written to M1 and M2 while in another set we write a LOW, therefore spinning towards opposite direction

Applications of direction control of an DC motor

1. Robotics
2. Electric Vehicles
3. Home Appliances
4. Aerospace and Drones

WORKING IN MARVEL LAB :

TASK-2

DC MOTOR SPEED CCONTROL

In this task we will use a potentiometer to provide input to the arduin nd the map() and analogue() also will be used here.

COMPONENTS REQUIRED :

1. Motor driver
2. Arduino
3. Potentiometer
4. jumper wires
5. voltage supplier

STEPS TO SETUP UP THE CIRCUIT :

1. Connect the first motor to motor controller module Out1 and Out2.

2. Connect the first motor to motor controller module Out3 and Out4.

3. Connect the positive wire from the battery pack to pin +12V on the module.

4. Connect the negative wire from the battery pack to pin GND on the module.

5. Connect the GND pin of the module to the GND pin of the Arduino.

6. Connect Arduino pin 5 to module pin In1.

7. Connect Arduino pin 4 to module pin In2.

8. Connect Arduino pin 3 to module pin In3.

9. Connect Arduino pin 2 to module pin In4.

10. Connect the middle pin of the potentiometer to Arduino pin A0.

11. Connect the other two pins of the potentiometer to Arduino pins 5V and GND.

in the code the potentiometer value between 0-255(which is the range of valid PWM pins).We will set the speed using PWM function analog write()

Application of speed controlling of DC Motor

1. Industrial Machinery

2. Electric Vehicles

3. Medical Devices such as centrifuges machines ,etc

WORKING IN MARVEL LAB :

TASK-3

POINT TURN OF A VEHICLE

Materials Required:

1. Arduino Board

2. 3-Ultrasonic sensors

3. 2- DC gear motors

4. Chassis

5. Motor Driver

6. Screws and Jumper wires

A point turn, also known as a three-point turn or a K-turn, is a maneuver performed by a vehicle to change its direction by 180 degrees in a relatively confined space. It is typically used when a vehicle needs to turn around on a narrow road or in situations where making a U-turn is not feasible.

To initiate the point turn, command one motor to rotate forward (clockwise) and the other motor to rotate backward (counterclockwise). This will cause the wheels on one side of the vehicle to move forward while the wheels on the other side move backward.

this can be done with the help of previous two tasks that is Speed and Direction controlling of a DC Motor

WORKING IN MARVEL LAB :

TASK-4

ULTRASONIC SENSOR

The objective of the task is with the help of HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Distance Sensor (which is used for detecting the distance to an object using)we should construct an obstacle avoiding vehicle combining the distance sensing capability of the ultrasonic sensor with the motor control of the DC motor(s), the vehicle can autonomously detect obstacles in its path and navigate around them.

Materials Required :

1. Arduino Board

2. 3-Ultrasonic sensors

3. 2- DC gear motors

4. Chassis

5. Motor Driver

6. Screws and Jumper wires

The vehicle is equipped with an ultrasonic sensor, typically mounted on the fron eft and right side of the vehicle and Two DC motors responsible for controlling its movement.

The ultrasonic sensor emits ultrasonic waves, which travel in the air and bounce back when they encounter an obstacle. The sensor measures the time it takes for the waves to return after being emitted.

By calculating the time taken for the waves to return, the sensor determines the distance between the vehicle and the obstacle in its path.

The Arduino of the vehicle receives the distance information from the ultrasonic sensor. Based on this information, it determines the necessary action to avoid the obstacle.

The motor driver controlling circuit adjusts the speed and direction of the DC motor(s)

Based on the control signals from the microcontroller, the DC motor(s) are activated to execute the desired action. For instance, if the vehicle needs to avoid an obstacle on its left, the right motor may be powered to turn the vehicle slightly to the right.

WORKING IN MARVEL LAB :

TASK-5

LT-SPICE AND KI-CAD

LT-SPICE

LT-spice is a widely used electronic circuit simulation software developed by Linear Technology (now part of Analog Devices).

LTspice allows us to create and simulate circuit schematics using a wide range of electronic components such as resistors, capacitors, inductors, transistors, operational amplifiers, and many more. You can draw the circuit using the built-in schematic editor or import existing circuit files.

the objective of the task is to create a 555 astable multivibrator

TASK-6

TEMPARATURE DETECTION

The task is to measure the temparature using an LM35 temparature sensor and aurdino and display it on the monitor

MATERIALS REQUIRED :

1. BREAD BOARD

2. LM35 TEMPARATURE SENSOR

3. JUMPER WIRES

4. ARDUINO

LM35 TEMPARATURE SENSOR :

LM35 is a temperature measuring device having an analog output voltage proportional to the temperature. It provides output voltage in Centigrade (Celsius). It does not require any external calibration circuitry. The sensitivity of LM35 is 10 mV/degree Celsius. As temperature increases, output voltage also increases.

APPLICATION OF THIS TASK :

Temperature sensors are utilized to monitor various environments and machinery, power plants, and manufacturing. Temperature sensors are used to measure water temperatures in reservoirs and boreholes.

TASK-7

Temperature and Humidity Detection

The task is to Measure temperature and humidity using DTH11 and display the readings on a LCD display.

MATERIALS REQUIRED :

1. BREAD BOARD
2. DHT11 TEMPARATURE AND HUMIDITY SENSOR
3. JUMPER WIRES
4. ARDUINO BOARD

DHT 11 TEMPARATURE AND HUMIDITY SENSOR :

The DHT11 is a basic, ultra low-cost digital temperature and humidity sensor. It uses a capacitive humidity sensor and a thermistor to measure the surrounding air and spits out a digital signal on the data pin

APPLICATION OF THIS TASK :

This sensor is used in various applications such as measuring humidity and temperature values in heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems. Weather stations also use these sensors to predict weather conditions. The humidity sensor is used as a preventive measure in homes where people are affected by humidity.

TASK-8

BLDC Motor And Hall Effect Sensor

Measure the speed of a BLDC motor using a hall effect sensor and display it on the serial monitor.

MATERIALS REQUIRED :

1. BREAD BOARD
2. BLDC MOTOR
3. JUMPER WIRES
4. ARDUINO BOARD
5. HALL EFFECT SENSOR
6. MAGNET

BLDC MOTOR :

A Brushless DC Electric Motor (BLDC) is an electric motor powered by a direct current voltage supply and commutated electronically instead of by brushes like in conventional DC motors.

HALL EFFECT SENSOR :

A Hall effect sensor (or simply Hall sensor) is a type of sensor which detects the presence and magnitude of a magnetic field using the Hall effect.

APPLICATION OF THE TASKS :

Applications for Hall-effect ICs include use in ignition systems, speed controls, security systems, alignment controls, micrometers, mechanical limit switches, computers, printers, disk drives, keyboards, machine tools, key switches, and pushbutton switches.

TASK-10

Battery Charging

Charging the Li-ion battery using solar panels and noting down intial voltage and final voltage after charging

MATERIALS REQUIRED :

1. lI-ION BATTERY
2. SOLAR PANNEL
3. LI-ION CHARGER BOARD
4. DIODE
5. WIERS
6. MULTIMETER

LI-ION CHARGER BOARD :

TP4056 ,The TP4056 is a complete constant-current/constant-voltage linear charger for single cell lithium-ion batteries.

TASK-11

Understanding 555 Timer And LDR

Constructing an automated headlight setup, using an NE555 (IC1) and a LDR(Light dependent resistor).

MATERIALS REQUIRED :

1. BREAD BOARD
2. LDR
3. NE555
4. DIODE
5. RESISTORS
6. JUMPER WIRES
7. RELAY
8. LED

TASK-12

Solar Panel

Making a simple solar panel set-up using diodes

MATERIALS REQUIRED :

1. BREAD BOARD
2. DIODE
3. MULTIMETER

TASK-13

Solar Tracker

Designing and implementing a system using servo where the solar panel follows the sun to maximize the energy absorbed by the solar panel.

MATERIALS REQUIRED :

1. BREAD BOARD
2. LDR
3. MICRO SERVO MOTOR

MICRO SERVO MOTOR:

A Servo motor is a type of motor that is powered by a DC source, either from an external supply or by a controller. A small and lightweight servo motor with high output power is called a micro servo motor sg90.

APPLICATION OF THIS TASK:

1. Solar trackers generate more electricity than the fixed solar tracking systems due to an increased direct exposure to solar rays
2. There are many different kinds of solar tracker, such as single-axis and dual-axis trackers, which can help you find the perfect fit for your need