Jeevashree Srinivas

Jeevashree Srinivas

Task 1- LTspice and KiCad

Objective

Design and simulate a 555 timer-based astable multivibrator using LTspice to observe frequency and pulse width behavior. Use KiCad to create a schematic of an LED blinking circuit and design a PCB layout with proper footprints and routing. This task introduces simulation and PCB design fundamentals.

Outcome

I designed and simulated 555 timer astable and obtained the square pulse

LTspice

ltspice

Kicad

ki

Task 3 - Temperature and Humidity Detection(Embedded)

Objective

Use the LM35 analog temperature sensor to monitor ambient or localized heat (e.g., near a soldering iron). When temperature exceeds a threshold, turn on an LED using a BJT as a switch. In parallel, use the DHT11 digital sensor to read and display temperature and humidity on a 16x2 LCD.

LM35

  • LM35 is a precision temperature sensor.
  • It gives an analog output voltage proportional to the temperature in °C.
  • It is manufactured by Texas Instruments.
  • It is part of the LMxx series of analog sensors
  • The sensor’s output voltage changes linearly with temperature.
  • It produces 10 mV for every 1°C change.
  • Example: 25°C → 250 mV output
    30°C → 300 mV output lm35 lm

DHT11

DHT11 is a digital temperature and humidity sensor.

  • It measures both temperature and relative humidity (RH).
  • It provides a calibrated digital output (no need for analog-to-digital conversion).
  • It is a low-cost and easy-to-use sensor, commonly used in weather stations and IoT projects.
  • A capacitive humidity sensor to measure moisture in the air.
  • A thermistor (temperature-sensitive resistor) to measure temperature.
  • It has an 8-bit microcontroller inside to process data and send it as a digital signal. dt11 dt11

Task 5 - Battery Capacity Measurement(Power Electronics)

Objective

Monitor the voltage of a Li-ion battery using analog input on Arduino. Use a MOSFET as a switch to disconnect the load when voltage drops below a safe threshold. Ensures safe battery operation and demonstrates basic battery protection logic.

Working Principle

  • The Arduino reads the scaled battery voltage through A0.
  • The code calculates the actual battery voltage using the voltage divider ratio.
  • If the voltage is above the threshold (e.g., 3.0V), the MOSFET is ON, and the LED glows.
  • If the voltage drops below the threshold, the MOSFET turns OFF, and the LED turns off, simulating battery protection.

Outcome

I did this task using Tinkercad. The circuit was simulated and tested successfully. tink Open my Tinkercad

Task 6 - Battery Charging(Power Electronics)

Objective:

To charge a Li-ion battery using a solar panel and a solar charging module.

Components Used:

  • Solar panel
  • Li-ion battery
  • Solar charging module (TP4056 or similar)
  • Connecting wires

Outcome

Through this experiment, the practical implementation of solar-based charging was understood. It demonstrates how renewable energy can be used effectively to charge batteries and power small electronic devices. bat

Task 8 - Simple Electric Circuits Simulation on MATLAB(Power Electronics)

Objective

Learn the basics of Simulink in MATLAB by designing a simple RLC or transistor-based circuit. Simulate voltage, current, and frequency responses over time using virtual probes and scopes.

Circuit description

The circuit consists of a resistor (R), inductor (L), and capacitor (C) connected in series to a voltage source. The RLC circuit is designed using Simulink blocks such as:

  • Voltage Source (for AC input)
  • Resistor, Inductor, Capacitor blocks (from Simscape Electrical library)
  • Scope and Current Measurement blocks (to visualize waveforms)

Outcome

Understood how to design and simulate basic electrical circuits using MATLAB Simulink. Learned how to analyze voltage, current, and frequency responses using virtual scopes. mat mat

Task 11 - Buck Converter on LTspice (Power Electronics)

Objective

Design and simulate a DC-DC buck converter in LTspice. Observe input and output voltages, inductor current waveform, and switching frequency. Understand step-down conversion and efficiency aspects.

Outcome:

Understood the working principle of a DC-DC buck converter and how to simulate it in LTspice. Learned how switching and filtering affect output voltage and efficiency. buck buck buck

Task 12 - Wireless Charger Simulation on Tinkercad (Power Electronics)

Objective

Simulate inductive power transfer between a transmitter and receiver coil on Tinkercad using basic circuit blocks. Demonstrates wireless charging principles through virtual components and LED indication.

Outcome

tink Open my Tinkercad design

Task 4 - BLDC Motor And Hall Effect Sensor

Objective

Connect a BLDC motor with a Hall effect sensor to measure its speed. The output of the Hall sensor is read by Arduino to calculate RPM and display it via the Serial Monitor. This task demonstrates motor speed sensing and signal interpretation.

Outcome

  • Hall Effect: The Hall Effect is the phenomenon where a voltage difference is generated when an electric current passes through a semiconductor placed in a magnetic field. This is used in Hall Effect sensors to detect the presence of a magnetic field.

1.The Arduino reads the digital signal from the Hall Effect sensor.
2.Each time the magnet passes the sensor, it triggers a LOW signal.
3.The Arduino counts these signals and calculates the RPM by multiplying the pulses per second by 60.
4.The calculated RPM is then displayed on the serial monitor every second. hall hall

Task 14 - LED Brightness Control Using PWM and MOSFET (Power Electronics)

Objective

Use an Arduino and an N-channel MOSFET to control LED brightness through Pulse Width Modulation (PWM). The Arduino sends a signal to the MOSFET’s gate, allowing current flow between the drain and source. By varying the PWM duty cycle, you can control the LED’s brightness—higher duty cycle means more brightness, and lower duty cycle means dimmer output.

Outcome

  • LED brightness was successfully controlled using Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)
  • The duty cycle of the PWM signal determined the brightness level of the LED.
  • A MOSFET was used as an electronic switch to handle higher current safely.
  • PWM control allowed efficient brightness variation without changing the supply voltage.
  • This experiment demonstrated the practical application of power electronics in LED lighting control. led

Task 17- Building a Basic H-Bridge Motor Driver using MOSFETs (Power Electronics)

Objective

You are required to design and build a basic H-Bridge motor driver circuit using N-Channel and/or P-Channel MOSFETs. The H-Bridge should allow you to control the direction of a DC motor using digital signals (e.g., from Arduino or switches)

Outcome

In this task, a basic H-Bridge motor driver using MOSFETs was designed and implemented. The circuit successfully controlled the direction of a DC motor by switching appropriate MOSFET pairs using digital signals. This experiment helped in understanding power electronic switching, motor control principles, and safe handling of inductive loads. led

Task 7 - Solar Tracker

Objective-

Use LDRs and a servo motor controlled by Arduino to orient a solar panel toward the strongest light source. The system maximizes solar energy collection using dual LDR comparison logic and basic actuator control.

Outcome-

• Learned how dual LDRs compare light intensity to find the strongest light direction. • Understood how Arduino controls a servo motor to track light and improve solar panel efficiency.

Circuit Connections:

solar click here for the tinkercad simulations

Task 13 - Utilizing Transistors as Switches and Voltage Regulators

Objective

Understand how transistors can be used as digital switches and basic voltage regulators. Begin by using an Arduino to send a digital signal to the base of a transistor to control an LED (ON/OFF). Then, explore how a transistor introduces voltage drop by simulating a circuit in Tinkercad—observe how voltage reduces across the LED after adding a transistor.

Outcome

The experiment showed that a diode converts AC-like signals to DC and a capacitor smooths it, but direct DC gives a brighter and steadier LED than rectified DC.

Circuit Connections

trans click herefor the tinkercad simulations

Task 15 - AC to DC Conversion and Observing Direct DC vs. Rectified DC

objective

Simulate an AC signal using Arduino’s PWM output, then convert it to DC using half-wave rectification. Use a diode to block the negative cycle and a capacitor to filter the signal, producing rectified DC. Compare the LED brightness when powered by a direct DC source (battery) versus rectified DC output.

Outcome

This task helped understand how a diode converts AC to DC through rectification and how a capacitor smooths the output, showing that LEDs glow brighter with stable DC than with rectified DC.

Circuit connections

ac click here for the tinkercad simulations .

Task 2 - Point Turn of a Vehicle with Ultrasonic Sensor

Objective

Build an obstacle-avoiding robot using an HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor, Arduino, and a motor driver. The vehicle should detect obstacles and perform a point turn by rotating in place to change direction. It combines sensor data processing with differential motor control.

Outcome

The vehicle detects obstacles using the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor and moves forward safely. When an obstacle is near, it performs a point turn to change direction autonomously. This demonstrates real-time sensor-based motor control for obstacle avoidance.

Circuit Connections

sens click here for tinkercad simulations.

UVCE,
K. R Circle,
Bengaluru 01

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