OR Gate: An OR gate is a digital logic gate that outputs "1" (true) if at least one of its inputs is "1". To implement an OR gate with transistors, a pair of transistors (usually NPN or MOSFETs) is connected in parallel. When either input transistor is activated, it completes the circuit, allowing current to pass through and creating a high output. This setup ensures that if either input is high, the output will be high.
AND Gate: An AND gate is a logic gate that outputs "1" only when all its inputs are "1". In a transistor-based AND gate, transistors are connected in series, meaning both need to be activated simultaneously to complete the circuit and allow current to pass. This design ensures the output is high only when all inputs are high, implementing the AND logic.
Both types of gates form the building blocks for complex circuits in digital electronics.
Design a second-order bandpass filter using IC741 that amplifies the signal to roughly 1.5 times the original signal. The cutoff range between 4kHz and 10kHz. (Use LTspice).