COMMON TASK REPORT 1 \n### TASK 1\n#### 3D PRINTING \n> 3D printing or additive manufacturing is the construction of a three-dimensional object from a CAD model or a digital 3D model. 3d printing is also know as rapid prototyping, stereolithography, architectural modeling or additive manufacturing.\n\nTHE STEPS I FOLLOWED TO 3D PRINT A MODEL, WERE :\n* > firstly , to design a model the software used was fusion 360.\n* > secondly be familiar with basic commands to design a model , i have designed a SPUR GEAR .\n* > we can also use ( Thingiverse site ) to get design of our choice and can print it , i had also printed a peacock feather , with a very small dimension .\n* > then save the file in stl format , then move towards slicing using creality slicer , where in we adjust the print speed , axis , infill pattern and estimate the printing time and filament\n* > the stl file is converted into G CODE and we are all set to 3d print our model.\n\n GEAR MODEL - SELF DESIGNED !\n \nPEACOCK FEATHER - THINGIVERSE DESIGN .\nhere the design isn't correctly come out , reason could be the that the bed wasn't levelled up properly during the printing process or someone would have turned the fan towards the printer .\n ### TASK 2 \n #### LED TOGGLE USING ESP32\n> i had learned create a standalone web server with an ESP32 to controls two LEDs connected with ESP32 GPIOs or output using the Arduino IDE to code and upload code to an ESP32.\n\n##### COMPONENETS USED WERE : \n- ESP32 development board – read ESP32 Development Boards Review and - - -\n- Comparison\n- 2x 5mm LED\n- 2x 330 Ohm Resistor\n- Breadboard\n- Jumper wires\n ##### LEARNINGS \n* > had learnt to Build the web server to controls two LEDs connected to the ESP32 GPIO. one connected to GPIO 26, and the other to GPIO 27\n\n * > Access the ESP32 web server by typing the ESP32 IP address on a browser in the local network.\n * > Control the LED stats by clicking the ON/OFF buttons on your web serve\n * > Now you can test if your web server is working properly. Click the buttons to control the LEDs.\n* > At the same time, you can take a look at the Serial Monitor to see what’s going on in the background. For example, when you click the button to turn GPIO 26 ON, ESP32 receives a request on the /26/on URL.\n* > The button for GPIO 27 works in a similar way. Test that it is working properly.\n\n- YOUTUBE LINK : https://youtube.com/shorts/KZSpnQkz-xs?feature=share\n\n### TASK 3 \n#### SOLDERING \n> Soldering is the process of joining two or more electronic parts together by melting solder around the connection. Solder is a metal alloy and when it cools it creates a strong electrical bond between the parts .\n\n\n ###### SOLDERING TOOLS ARE :\n - SOLDERING IRON : A soldering iron is a hand tool that plugs into a standard 120v AC outlet and heats up in order to melt solder around electrical connections. it is in pen or gun form. For beginners, it’s recommended that you use the pen style soldering iron in the 15W to 30W range.\n - SOLDERING STATION : A soldering station is a more advanced version of the basic standalone soldering pen. it offers more flexibility and control.These stations can also create a safer workspace .\n - SOLDERING STAND : A soldering iron stand is very basic but very useful and handy to have. This stand helps prevent the hot iron tip from coming in contact with flammable materials or causing accidental injury to your hand.\n - SOLDER : solder is a metal alloy material that is melted to create a permanent bond between electrical parts. It comes in both lead and lead-free. Inside the solder core is a material known as flux which helps improve electrical contact and its mechanical strength.\n\n ##### STEPS FOLLOWED TO DO SOLDERING :\n 1. MOUNT THE COMPONENT\n 2. HEAT THE JOINT \n 3. APPLY SOLDER TO JOINT \n 4. SNIP THE LEADS \n \n\n ### TASK 4 \n #### TINKERCAD \n > here , i had to create a circuit in tinkercad where in , learned to measure distance using ultra sonic sensors and arduino . \n An ultrasonic Sensor is a device used to measure the distance between the sensor and an object without physical contact. This device works based on time-to-distance conversion.\n \nWORKING PRINCIPLE OF ULTRASONIC SENSOR :\nUltrasonic sensors measure distance by sending and receiving the ultrasonic wave. The ultrasonic sensor has a sender to emit the ultrasonic waves and a receiver to receive the ultrasonic waves. The transmitted ultrasonic wave travels through the air and is reflected by hitting the Object. Arduino calculates the time taken by the ultrasonic pulse wave to reach the receiver from the sender. \n- We know that the speed of sound in air is nearly 344 m/ \n> to calculate the distance traveled by the sound wave.\n\n> Formula: Distance = Speed * Time\nThat is double the time to reach the object, whereas the sensor returns the total time including sender to object and object to receiver. Then, the time taken to reach the object is half of the time taken to reach the receiver. \nso ,\n> Distance = Speed of Sound in Air * (Time Taken ) \n##### COMPONENTS REQUIRED WERE : \n * Arduino Uno R3 board\n * Ultrasonic sensor (HC-SR04)\n * 16×2 LCD I2C Display\n* Jumper Wires\n\n after the connections were made , the code was verified and compiled ,then the code was uploaded to the Arduino Uno R3 board .To monitor the output without a PC, we have to interface display devices to monitor the output. Her i used “a 16×2 LCD display with I2C communication. \nTo interface with the LCD display, had to install the supporting library to the Arduino IDE, the “LiquidCrystal I2C” library. then Imported the header file “LiquidCrystal_I2C.h” in the code.remaining ground connections were made.\n > Applications of Ultrasonic Distance Measurement:\n- Used in RADAR system.\n- To measure distance without physical contact with measuring instruments.\n- Used in object detection for security purposes.\n\n- link for ultrasonic stimulation : https://www.tinkercad.com/things/cGd0xFT54X4\n\n\n### TASK 5 \n#### UBUNTU \n> Ubuntu online extension for Chrome and FireFox Ubuntun onlineis a web browser extension to run Ubuntu Gnome, Xubuntu, Kubuntu and Lubuntu using only a web browser. the task was to \n- Create a folder named test : mkdir [ make directory ] command is used to create folder.\n- cd into that folder : cd is change directory.\n- Create a blank file without using any text editor: touch command is used to create a blank file. \n \n- list the files in that folder : ls command \n- create 2600 folders in this folder where each folder is named like . For example, M90 or B56 : the syntax is [ for i in {1..2600}; do touch file_$i.M;] \n\ndone\n- concatenate two text files containing any random text and display them on the terminal : nano text_1.txt [hi, i am divya]\n nano text_2.txt [ from uvce ]\n to concatenate -- cat text_1.txt text_2.txt .\n result : hi, i am divya \n from uvce \n\n### TASK 6\n#### SPEED CONTROL OF A DC MOTOR \n > had learned controlling DC motor using the L298N motor driver and the Arduino board. Using an UNO and H-Bridge L298N motor driver, control the speed of a 5V BO motor, try simulating this on tinkercad and then perform it on the hardware.\n \n - PWD DC MOTOR CONTROL : PWM, or pulse width modulation is a technique which allows us to adjust the average value of the voltage that’s going to the electronic device by turning on and off the power at a fast rate. \n - MOSFET TRANSISTOR : So depending on the size of the motor, we can simply connect an Arduino PWM output to the base of transistor or the gate of a MOSFET and control the speed of the motor by controlling the (PWM output). The low power Arduino PWM signal switches on and off the gate at the MOSFET through which the high power motor is driven.\n- Arduino GND and the motor power supply GND should be connected together.\n- H BRIGDE DC CONTROL : used to change the rotation direction of the motor by activating two particular switches at the same time we can change the direction of the current flow, thus change the rotation direction of the motor.\n - The L298N is a dual H-Bridge motor driver which allows speed and direction control of two DC motors at the same time. The module can drive DC motors that have voltages between 5 and 35V, with a peak current up to 2A.\n \n\n#### COMPONENTS USED IN DC MOTORS . \n - L298N motor driver\n - a DC motor \n - a potentiometer\n - a push button ( but here i didn't use the push button , and the speed was controlled by varying the potentiometer as shown in the video below ).\n - an Arduino board.\n - connections are made using these components , and speed is controlled in dc motors .\n\n\n### TASK 7 \n#### GITHUB \nTHE TASK WAS THAT--The main branch of this repository has an error and is failing tests. \nYour job is to create a new issue, and create a new branch from that issue.\nfix the error and open a pull request.\nmerge to main and delete your branch\nYour job is to open a pull request proposing to fix the issue.\n \n\n \n\n\n\n### TASK 8 \n#### 555 ASTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR \n> An Astable mode produces a very stable 555 Oscillator circuit for generating highly accurate free running waveforms whose output frequency can be adjusted by means of an externally connected RC tank circuit consisting of just two resistors and a capacitor. \n[the connections were made according to the circuit diagram .]\n\n555 astable circuit diagram \n\n >>To obtain a 60% duty cycle, the formula for calculating the resistors for the 555 timer astable multivibrator circuit is as follows:\n\nDuty Cycle = (RA + 2RB)/(RA + RB + 2R2) = 60%\n\nWhere RA is the resistor between pins 6 and 7, RB is the resistor between pins 7 and 8, and R2 is the resistor between pins 2 and 6.\n\nBy rearranging the formula, we can find the values of RA and RB:\n\nRA = (2R2 x (1 - Duty Cycle)) / (3 x Duty Cycle - 1)\nRB = (R2 x (1 - Duty Cycle)) / (3 x Duty Cycle - 1)\n\nAssuming a value of R2 = 10 kΩ, we can calculate the values of RA and RB for a 60% duty cycle:\nRA = (2 x 10 kΩ x (1 - 0.6)) / (3 x 0.6 - 1) = 4 kΩ\nRB = (10 kΩ x (1 - 0.6)) / (3 x 0.6 - 1) = 6.67 kΩ\n\n##### Therefore, to obtain a 60% duty cycle in a 555 timer astable multivibrator circuit, the values of RA and RB should be 4 kΩ and 6.67 kΩ, respectively.\n\n- > after the connections were done , the oscilloscope was used to see the wave form of the 555 oscillator and check the duty cycle.\n\n \n WAVE FORM OUTPUT .\n \n\n\n### TASK 9\n#### WRITE A RESOURCE ARTICLE. \n > my resource article is written on the topic [ VFX IN MOVIES ]\nVISUAL EFFECTS , THE DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGIES ACCOMPANIED IN VIDEOGRAPHY SECTOR TO CREATE VISUAL EFFECTS). \n\nlink : https://hub.uvcemarvel.in/article/5841bfe9-fd24-44a5-9e75-6fbbcde2f205\n\n##### THANK YOU "